Chapter 1-An Overview of Computers and Programming

Chapter 1: An Overview of Computers and Programming

TRUE/FALSE

1. Software can be classified into two broad types: application software and programming software.

2. Every programming language has rules governing its word usage and punctuation.

3. Besides the popular, comprehensive programming languages such as Java and C++, many programmers use scripting languages such as Python, Lua, Perl, and PHP.

4. Professional computer programmers write programs to satisfy their own needs.

5. The heart of the programming process lies in planning the program’s logic.

6. Once a program is completely coded, it is ready for a company or organization to use.

7. A flowchart is an English-like representation of the logical steps necessary to solve a

problem.

8. An infinite loop is a flow of program logic that repeats and never ends.

9. Alan Turing is often regarded as the first programmer.

10. Programmers can use either procedural programming or object-oriented programming to develop programs.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ____ data items may involve organizing or sorting them, checking them for accuracy, or performing calculations with them.

a. Processing c. Outputting

b. Inputting d. Converting

2. ____ errors are relatively easy to locate and correct because the compiler or interpreter you use highlights every error.

a. Logic c. Input

b. Syntax d. Process

3. If you use an otherwise correct word that does not make sense in the current context, programmers say you have committed a ____ error.

a. syntax c. semantic

b. logic d. programming

4. A(n) ___ is a named memory location whose value can vary.

a. input c. output

b. variable d. logic

5. Computer programmers often refer to memory addresses using ____ notation.

a. binary c. mathematical

b. indirect d. hexadecimal

6. Before a programmer plans the logic of the program, he or she must ____.

a. understand the problem c. test the program

b. write the program code d. maintain the program

7. After a programmer plans the logic of a program, the next step is ____.

a. understanding the problem c. translating the program

b. testing the program d. coding the program

8. The process of walking through a program’s logic on paper before you actually write the program is called ____.

a. desk-checking c. pseudocoding

b. flowcharting d. testing

9. Typically, a programmer develops a program’s logic, writes the code, and ____ the program, receiving a list of syntax errors.

a. runs c. executes

b. compiles d. tests

10. The process of finding and correcting program errors is called ____.

a. desk-checking c. error correcting

b. syntax-checking d. debugging

11. After programs are put into production, making necessary changes is called _____.

a. debugging c. maintenance

b. conversion d. testing

12. Using ____ involves writing down all the steps you will use in a program.

a. a compiler c. a flowchart

b. an interpreter d. pseudocode

13. In a flowchart, the ____ is used to represent processing.

a. circle c. triangle

b. diamond d. rectangle

14. The ____ is used to represent output in a flowchart.

a. square c. parallelogram

b. circle d. triangle

15. The ____ is the standard terminal symbol for a flowchart.

a. circle c. diamond

b. lozenge d. square

16. The repetition of a series of steps is called a(n) ____.

a. repeat flow c. flow

b. loop d. infinite loop

17. A(n) ____ is a repeating flow of logic with no end.

a. nonterminated condition c. variable

b. infinite loop d. decision symbol

18. You represent a decision in a flowchart by drawing a decision symbol, which is shaped like a ____.

a. parallelogram c. diamond

b. square d. circle

19. Many programming languages use the term ____ to refer to the marker that is used to automatically recognize the end of data in a file.

a. data_end c. eof

b. end_data d. eod

20. A(n) ____ tells the user what to enter.

a. command line c. prompt

b. input screen d. data line

21. A(n) ____ is a program that you use to create simple text files.

a. text editor c. GUI

b. IDE d. GDE

22. A(n) ____ is a software package that provides an editor, a compiler, and other programming tools.

a. GUI c. GDE

b. CGI d. IDE

23. A(n) ____ is a location on your computer screen where you type text entries to communicate with the computer’s operating system.

a. input line c. command line

b. communication line d. GCI

24. A ____ allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment.

a. GCI c. command line

b. CGI d. GUI

25. The major difference between the two main programming styles in use today is the ____.

a. use of flowcharts versus pseudocode

b. testing procedure used by the programmer

c. programmer’s focus during the earliest planning stages of a project

d. programming language used

COMPLETION

1. When instructions are carried out, a program runs, or ____________________.

2. A(n) ____________________ is the sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem.

3. When you draw a flowchart, you use a(n) ____________________ to represent the input symbol, which indicates an input operation.

4. A preselected value that stops the execution of a program is often called a(n) ____________________ value because it does not represent real data.

5. A(n) ____________________ programmer would approach a problem by dividing the process into manageable subtasks.

MATCHING

Match each term with a statement below.

a. volatile memory f. pseudocode

b. software g. hardware

c. syntax error h. flowchart

d. machine language i. flowlines

e. sentinel j. documentation

1. Equipment, or the physical devices, associated with a computer

2. Instructions that tell the computer what to do

3. Contents are lost when the computer is turned off or loses power

4. Represent(s) the millions of on/off circuits within the computer

5. Incorrectly spelled words, or reversing the proper order of two words in a computer program

6. All the supporting paperwork for a program

7. Pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem

8. English-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem

9. Used to show the correct sequence of statements

10. Preselected value that stops the execution of a program

SHORT ANSWER

1. Describe internal and permanent storage.

2. Describe the function of a compiler and an interpreter.

3. What is a variable and how is it used in a program?

4. What is involved in putting a program into production?

5. How is a decision represented in a flowchart?

6. How does a program recognize the end of an input file?

7. Discuss two ways that you can enter a program into a computer.

8. List the features that are commonly included with an IDE editor.

9. What are some of the features provided by modern programming languages that were not available in older programming languages?

10. Currently, there are two major techniques used to develop programs and their procedures. Name and describe them.