Unit I
Homework
Nutritional Analysis
Introduction
In Chapters 3 and 4 of the textbook, you learned that the
body needs various macro and micronutrients in order to function properly. You
also learned about cellular metabolism and what the human body uses as a fuel
source. This all seems simple at first glance; however, it can be difficult to
determine whether we are getting what our body needs. Even when we know what
our body needs, it becomes even more difficult to make sure we are supplying
our body with those needs. The car you drive probably requires gasoline in
order to function properly. When you need to go somewhere, you make sure you
have enough gasoline in the tank to reach your destination. If you do not, you
probably stop at a gas station and fill your car’s tank with gas. You do not
pour cola in the tank or jelly donuts; you put gas because that is what it
needs. Why do we put cola and jelly donuts in our bodies when we do not need
them? Often, it is difficult to determine what is in the foods that we eat. Sometimes
it is hard to determine if the food contains the correct nutrients or processed
foods that our body does not need. This lab exercise will help you learn how to
read nutritional labels and determine what your body needs to function properly.
Objectives
1. Analyze
nutritional information based on what the body needs to function properly.
2. Calculate
BMI and learn about caloric balance.
Materials
You will not need any extra materials other than your
textbook and your computer (with internet access) to complete this lab.
Directions
• Type or
paste all answers directly on this data sheet.
• Use the
following nutritional label and answer the questions that follow. You may use
your textbook as a resource when comparing the two products.
• Select
Save As, and save this document using your last name and student ID as the file
name.
• Upload
the data sheet as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file when you are finished.
|
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Product A
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Product B
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|
Serving Size
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1oz
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1.5oz
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Servings Per Container
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1
|
1
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Calories
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150
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165
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Saturated Fat
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3g
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1g
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Trans Fat
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0g
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0g
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Cholesterol
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3mg
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1mg
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Sodium
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250mg
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225mg
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Fiber
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1g
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3g
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Sugars
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3g
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1g
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Protein
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1g
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4g
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Vitamin A
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35%
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30%
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Calcium
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15%
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25%
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Vitamin C
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100%
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100%
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Vitamin D
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30%
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30%
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Main Ingredients
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Milk,
potato, vegetable oil, salt, sugar, processed wheat flour
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Water,
nonfat milk, whole corn, vegetable oil, whole wheat flour, rice flour, whole
oat flour
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Questions 1 – 5 are short answer questions. Answer each
question in the space provided. Question 6 is a short essay. Total: 40 points
1. Which
product contains the most calories per serving? (6 points)
2. Which
product contains the largest serving size? (6 points)
3. Which
product contains the most calories per ounce? (6 points)
4. Which
product contains the most nutrients that are not as healthy for the body in
large amounts?
(6 points)
5. Which
product is a healthier choice? (6 points)
6. Explain
why you picked the product that you did in question 5. Your answer should be in
paragraph format and should be at least 100 words in length. Type your answer
directly below.
Questions 1–4 below are short answer questions. Answer each
question in the space provided. Total: 20 points
1. What is
your height? ft in What is your weight? Lbs (5 points)
2. What is
your BMI? What recommendations are listed? (5 points)
3. What is
the caloric balance equation? (5 points)
4. Do you
think you are in caloric balance? What are the recommended physical activity
levels? (5 points)
Reading Nutrition Facts Labels Total: 40 points
For this portion of the assignment read the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration’s food facts guide about labels and then answer questions 1
and 2. Click here to access the guide.
Question 1.
Write an essay at least 200 words in length that explains
what are proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
Question 2.
Take any can of vegetables from your pantry. Report the
levels of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats for a serving size of your
vegetable.
Review the label for hamburger and answer question 3. Click
here to read the label.
Question 3.
Discuss what stands out to you as a difference between your
veggie and the hamburger. Your answer should be at least 100 words in length.
Unit 2 Homework
Unit II Homework
Cancer and Genetics
Introduction
While viewing the video, answer the following questions.
Total: 8 points
1. Centrioles
are duplicated during which stage of mitosis? (4 points)
2. During
which stage of mitosis are sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the
cell? (4 points)
After viewing the video, click on the Information tab in the
bottom right corner. Answer the following questions. Total: 12 points
1. In which
of the cancer types listed, are males not at risk of developing? (4 points)
Cervical, uterine
2. Cigarette
smoke is a major risk factor for which type of cancer listed? (2 points)
Lung
3. The risk
for which type of cancer increases after the age of 55? (4 points)
Stomach
Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURE
section and complete the following table.
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase % of Cells Dividing %
of Cells at rest
Normal Lungs 19 1 0 0 0 5 95
Cancerous Lungs 19 1 1 1 10 90
Normal Stomach 14 2 1 1 2 10 90
Cancerous Stomach 13 2 2 2 1 20 80
Normal Ovary 18 2 1 1 0 7.5 92.5
Cancerous Ovary 19 1 0 0 0 45 55
Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURES
section and answer the following questions. Total: 12 points
1. Based on
your data and observations, what are some of the differences between normal cells
and cancer cells? (4 points)
2. Which
type of cancer shows the most aggressive growth? Explain your answer. (4
points)
3. When
studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic
index, which is the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in the
sample. Scientists often calculate the mitotic index to compare the growth rates
of different types of tissue. Which type of tissue would have a higher mitotic
index, normal tissue or cancerous tissue? Explain. (4 points)
Cancer
tissue has a higher mitotic index. This is because there
Go to: http://www.cancer.org/
Click Cancer A-Z. At the page that follows there will be
links to more information on breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer, lung cancer,
prostate cancer and skin cancer. Review the information for each these cancers.
Next, write an essay that discusses either your own risk factors for each type
of cancer and steps you might take to decrease those risk factors. As always,
you do not have to disclose any actual personal information if you do not wish
to. You may create a fictional character and discuss his or her risk factors
instead. (30 points)
Unit III
Homework
Blood Typing
Introduction
Blood typing is critical in medicine. If a person receives
the wrong type of blood, they can die. The purpose of this homework is to allow
you to determine what types of blood can be given to specific patients.
ABO and Rh Blood Typing
Blood typing is discussed on pages 176–178 of the textbook,
but let’s skip the genetics of it for now.
First, let’s just focus on the ABO grouping and then we’ll
look at the Rh grouping. There are two possible antigens on your red blood
cells (RBC), A or B. You can have one of each, both, or none. Therefore,
possible ABO blood types are A, B, AB, or O. Now, if you have an antigen on
your RBCs, then you will not make antibodies against the antigen. However, you
will have antibodies against the antigen you do not have. It is as if you are
allergic to the opposite blood type. For example, a person with A antigens
(blood type A) will make antibodies to antigen B, since that person does not
have B antigens. Therefore, people with blood type A cannot receive type B
blood because they have antibodies against B. A person with B blood will make
antibodies against A. What do AB people do? The have both antigens, so they do
not make antibodies at all. With no antibodies, can they receive type A blood?
Sure, and they can receive blood from type B and type O people as well. With no
antibodies, they are not “allergic” to any blood type. Let’s look at people
with type O blood. They have no antigens, and they make antibodies against A
and B. They are allergic to all blood with any antigens; therefore, they can
accept blood only from other O people.
Got it? To recap, your blood type depends on the antigens on
your red blood cells. You cannot make antibodies against your own cells, but
you do make antibodies against the missing antigens. So, A makes antibodies
against B, B makes antibodies against A, AB makes no antibodies, and O makes
antibodies against both A and B. Remember now that O blood has no antigens, so
a person with A or B blood can accept blood from type O people. Type A makes
antibodies against B, but O blood does not have B antigens. Likewise, type B
can accept from type O; however, type O makes antibodies against A and B and,
therefore, can accept blood only if it has not antigens: type O blood.
Rh is the same thing but easier. You are either positive or
negative. Either you have the Rh antigen, or you do not. Either you make
antibodies, or you do not. A person who is Rh positive does not make
antibodies. A person who is Rh negative makes antibodies against Rh. Therefore,
an Rh-positive person can accept blood from either Rh-positive or Rh-negative
people (they have no antibodies), but Rh-negative people can accept only from
other Rh-negative people because they make antibodies against Rh.
Now combine the two concepts. At one extreme, AB positive
people make no antibodies (because they have the antigens and cannot be
allergic to their own blood) and can accept blood from anyone. At the other
extreme, O-negative people make antibodies against A, B, and Rh meaning they
can accept blood from no one, except other O-negative people. In between, a
person with A-positive blood makes antibodies against B but not Rh. Therefore,
they can accept from A or O and Rh-positive or negative. Try to figure out B
people.
Be aware that the antibodies are not present in donated
blood. When giving your answer to the blood type section, do not forget to
include the Rh factor.
Objectives
1. Determine
blood types that blood groups can receive.
Directions
1. Type your
answers directly on the data sheet.
2. Select
Save As, and use your last name and student ID as a file name.
3. Upload
the data sheet as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file when finished.
Questions: Questions 1-10 are short answer questions and
should be answered in complete sentences. Total: 100 points
1. The first
patient has type O+ blood. Which antigens does this person have on his/her red
blood cells? (including Rh) (10 points)
2. List ALL
blood types that can be given to a patient with the type of blood that the
patient in question one has.
(10 points)
3. The
second patient has A+ blood type. Which antigens does this person have on her
red blood cells? (Including Rh) (10 points)
4. List ALL
blood types that can be given to a patient with the type of blood that the
second patient has.
5. The third
patient has AB- blood type.Which antigens does this person have on her red
blood cells? (including Rh) (10 points)
6. List ALL
blood types that can be given to a patient with the type of blood that the
third patient has.
7. Which
blood type is the universal blood recipient? (Can receive all blood types) (10
points)
8. Which
blood type is the universal donor? (10 points)
9. Can a
person with type O blood receive any other blood type besides type O? Why?(10
points)
10. Can a
patient with Rh- blood receive Rh+ blood without rejecting it? Explain why. (10
points)
Unit V
Homework
Ecology
Introduction
In previous chapters, we learned that life is very diverse.
Organisms range from single cells to multi-celled. Some organisms cannot even
be seen with the naked eye. Is diversity increasing or decreasing? In the
future, will we have more organisms? Does our population play a role in the
lives of other organ-isms? Should we be considered if an organism goes extinct?
The following exploratory activity will help you understand threats to
organisms, what is being done to save them, and how organisms are classified.
Materials
Computer with internet access
Directions
1. Go to: http://www.redlist.org/ or copy and paste the
address into your web browser.
2. In the search term, box type in the word Ivory-billed
Woodpecker .
3. Click on the scientific name for Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
4. Read the information and answer the following questions.
Questions 1 – 20 are short answer questions and should be
answered in a few words. Total: 80 points
Type all answers directly in the data sheet text boxes and
upload the data sheet as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file with your last name and
student number when finished. You may need to adjust the textbox size to
display all text.
1. In your own words,
explain the purpose of the IUCN Red List. (4 points)
2. What is the
scientific name for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker? (4 points)
3. Are there any
similar species? If so, name them. (4 points)
4. In your own words state where are Ivory-billed
Woodpeckers found. (4 points)
5. What is the current status of the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker? What was it before the year 2000? (4 points)
6. What is the
population trend? (4 points)
7. How many mature
Ivory-billed Woodpeckers are estimated to exist? How many sub-populations?
8. In your own words
describe the habitat that Ivory-billed Woodpeckers require. (4 points)
9. How long do
Ivory-billed Woodpeckers live? (4 points)
10. In which Kingdom
is the Ivory-billed Woodpecker classified? (4 points)
11. In which Phylum
is the Ivory-billed Woodpecker classified? (4 points)
12. In which Class is
the Ivory-billed Woodpecker classified?
13. In which Order is
the Ivory-billed Woodpecker classified? (4 points)
14. In which Family
is the Ivory-billed Woodpecker classified? (4 points)
15. What is the most
significant threat to Ivory-billed Woodpeckers. (4 points)
16. Describe in your
own words what (if anything) is currently being done to protect the species. (4
points)
17. What is the
primary food source for this species? (4 points)
18. With such low
population numbers, why might genetic diversity be a concern? (4 points)
19. Do you feel that it is worth it to save this species?
Explain why or why not.
(4 points)
20. In your opinion, can this species be saved or is it too
late? Briefly explain your answer. (4 points)
21. Considering what you have learned from this activity and
the textbook chapters, explain your thoughts about the following statement:
"Humans rely on other organisms for survival; however, other organisms
would be better off without humans." Take a stand and argue for or against
this statement.
Unit VI Homework
Virtual Bypass Surgery
Introduction
Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States.
One procedure to treat blockage in the arteries of the heart is bypass surgery.
Someone you know may have already had this procedure; however, few people
really realize what occurs during the surgery. The following lab will guide you
through the steps of a virtual bypass surgery.
Objectives
1. Identify
the major structures and functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary,
digestive, and immune systems.
2. Evaluate
various risk factors for diseases within body systems.
3. Relate
homeostatic imbalances to disease states.
4. Discuss
various treatments, cures, and procedures for common diseases.
Materials
Computer with internet access
Directions
1. Go to the
following website: http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/swf/heart.swf (or
http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/heart.htm)
2. Click on
ENTER
3. Click on
ANATOMY to review the anatomy of the heart.
4. When you
are ready to conduct the surgery:
a. Select
INTERN from the three choices provided (Intern, Surgeon, Specialist). This will
allow you more time.
b. Make sure
you read all information on the screen.
5. Type all
answers directly on the data sheet. All answers must be written in complete
sentences.
6. Select
Save As, and use your last name and student ID as a file name.
7. Upload
the data sheet as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file when finished.
Questions 1 – 10 are short answer questions and should be
answered in two to three words or one to two complete sentences. Total: 60
points
1. Which
chamber of the heart receives oxygen-depleted blood from the superior and
inferior vena cava? (6 points)
2. Which
chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body? (6 points)
3. How much
blood can the heart move the through the body in an average lifetime? (6
points)
4. How is
the patient’s anxiety level reduced before surgery? (6 points)
5. What are
the responsibilities of the perfusionist? (6 points)
6. What are
the responsibilities of the anesthetist? (6 points)
7. What vein
is harvested from the leg to be grafted to the heart? (6 points)
8. What is
the name of the membranous sac that encloses the heart? (6 points)
9. What is
injected into the heart to stop it from beating? (6 points)
10. In your
own words, what is the purpose of the drug protamine? (6 points)
Directions
1. The
American Heart Association is a national voluntary health agency to help reduce
disability and death from cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Click here or
copy and paste the URL below into your web browser to read the article and
answer the question:
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/ConsumerHealthCare/Heart-Health-Screenings_UCM_428687_Article.jsp
Question
11. Based on
the key screening tests recommended for optimal cardiovascular health and
coronary heart disease risk factors listed, what are your risk factors? Are you
healthy? Do you know the answers to all the tests listed? What are some things
that you might change in your life or your family’s lives in order to reduce
your risk factors? You can view helpful information under each of the tabs at
the top of the site.
Unit VIII
Homework
Plant Transpiration
Introduction
If you have not already, you or someone you know will try to
grow a variety of plants either inside your house or outside in a garden. What
type of soil do you need? How often should you water the plants? Should you
plant them in full sun? Why do some plants need less water and some more? These
are questions that many people have about plants. In this activity, you will
have a chance to manipulate different variables to see how much water some
plants use and how much some lose through transpiration.
Objectives
1. Conduct
virtual experiments to determine factors that affect transpiration.
2. Compare
and contrast sustainable and unsustainable farming practices.
Materials
Computer with internet access
Directions
1. Go to:
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078695104/383946/BL_10.html
2. Read the
PURPOSE and OBJECTIVES.
3. Read and
follow the information under PROCEDURES and complete the lab for all 4 plants
and all 3 variables.
4. Reset the
lab and complete the lab for the next set of 4 plants and 3 variables.
5. Record
your information in the Results Table provided on this sheet.
6. During
and after the lab, answer the questions below.
7. Type all
answers directly on the data sheet.
8. Select
Save As and use your last name and student ID as a file name.
9. Upload
the data sheet as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file when finished.
Questions 1 – 10 are short answer questions and should be
answered in two to three words or one to two complete sentences. Total: 40
points
1. Explain
how the heater, the fan and the lamp are being used to test environmental
factors as they relate to plant transpiration. (4 points)
2. State a
scientific question you have based on what you know of the experiment. (4
points)
3. State
your hypothesis. (4 points)
4. In your
own words, explain the process of transpiration. (4 points)
5. Which
environmental factors that you tested increased the rate of transpiration? Did
the rate of transpiration increase for all plants tested? Explain. (4 points)
6. Of the
environmental factors tested, did any affect the transpiration rate more than
the others? Explain. (4 points)
7. Which
species of plants that you tested had the highest transpiration rates? Why do
you think different species of plants transpire at different rates? (4 points)
8. What is
your conclusion? (4 points)
9. Did your
results support your hypothesis? If so, how? If not, why not? (4 points)
10. State
another question about transpiration that you would like to have answered that
you did not answer in this lab activity. (4 points)
Results Table: You should include data for eight different
plants. Make sure you reset the lab (upper right corner) to receive four more
plants. Total: 20 points
Amount of water transpired after 1 hour
(mL)
Plant Normal Fan Heater Lamp
Question 11 is a short essay. Your response should be at
least 200 words in length. Total: 40 points
11. You want
to reduce the amount of money that you are spending at the grocery store. You
and your family decide to plant a small garden to provide a variety of foods.
Since you completed the activity above, you know that plants require certain nutrients
in order to survive.
Read the information in the textbook concerning the future
of agriculture (pages 586 – 592). What are some methods that you would
implement into your garden? What would you try to avoid? In addition to your
textbook, locate at least one article in the CSU Online Library that provides
further information on your chosen methods. Make sure you provide a detailed
response.
Unit VII
Homework
Human Reproduction PowerPoint Presentation
Introduction:
Well, it is that time—yes, time for that talk. For this
activity, you will develop a PowerPoint presentation about human
reproduction. You are to pretend that the presentation is
what you will use to give your son or daughter “the talk” about
human reproduction. Make sure you use correct terminology.
If you have never created a PowerPoint presentation, make
sure you view the CSU Success Center videos suggested in the
unit learning activity.
Your presentation must include the following:
? overall purpose of the reproductive
systems;
? information about the male and female
systems including:
o at least two visual aids illustrating the two systems, and
o structure and function of the major organs of both male
and females systems;
? methods of practicing “safe sex” and
preventing pregnancy; and
? STDs.
Be sure to follow the formatting guidelines provided below:
? Use bulleted information on slides (5
lines or less).
? Include details in the speaker’s notes.
? Include a separate title slide and a
separate reference slide.
? Use appropriate font and backgrounds.
? Include at least nine slides, but not
more than 15 slides (not counting your title slide or reference slide).
? Use correct APA format for references
and citations, and use correct grammar and spelling.
? Upload the presentation as a .ppt or
.pptx file.
Information about accessing the Grading Rubric for this
assignment is provided below.
