GCU NUR641E Week 8 Final Exam Latest 2020 JULY

NUR641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for Nurse Educators

Week 8 Assignment  

•            What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?

•           

Coagulative

 

 

•           

Liquefactive

 

 

•           

Caseous

 

 

•           

Coagulative

 

 

 

•            Which agent is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy and works via "ion trapping,' converting ammonia into ammonium in the GI tract?

•           

Rifaximin

 

 

•           

Lactulose

 

 

•           

Octreotide

 

 

•           

Neomycin

 

 

•            Cell wall inhibitors include all of the following except

•           

penicillins.

 

 

•           

cephalosporins.

 

 

•           

carbapenems.

 

 

•           

tetracylclines.

 

 

 

•            Which of the following drugs acts on the parasympathetic nervous system?

•           

Epinephrine

 

 

•           

Atropine

 

 

•           

Dopamine

 

 

•           

Dobutamine

 

 

 

 

•            Which of the following agents is preferred for the treatment of a patient who is asymptomatic with a serum sodium of 126?

•           

3% NaCl

 

 

•           

Tolvaptan

 

 

•           

0.45% NaCl

 

 

•           

0.9% NaCl

 

 

 

•            One major reason to discontinue captopril (Capoten), an ACE inhibitor, is:

•           

hypertension.

 

 

•           

hypokalemia.

 

 

•           

angioedema.

 

 

•           

angina.

 

 

 

•            Identify whether the description matches the disorder. (Select True or False)

Rotation of a testis, which twists blood vessels of the spermatic cord - Testicular torsion

•           

True

 

 

•           

False

 

 

 

•            Which second-generation antipsychotic comes in an injectable formulation approved for use in acute psychosis?

•           

Olanzapine

 

 

•           

Quetiapine

 

 

•           

Aripiprazole

 

 

•           

Ziprasidone

 

 

 

•            Which of the following drugs is most likely to reduce the effectiveness of levofloxacin (Levaquin) when given concomitantly?

•           

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

 

 

•           

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

 

 

•           

Calcium carbonate (Tums)

 

 

•           

Warfarin (Coumadin)

 

 

 

•            The nurse has a patient who has been on multidrug therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. When planning patient education, the nurse knows the patient needs to watch for which symptom of an adverse effect of multidrug therapy?

•           

Hearing loss

 

 

•           

Changes in vision

 

 

•           

Generalized pruritus

 

 

•           

Jaundice

 

 

 

•            Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?

•           

Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation.

 

 

•           

Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging.

 

 

•           

Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens.

 

 

•           

Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency.

 

 

 

•            Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of:

•           

epinephrine and aldosterone.

 

 

•           

norepinephrine and cortisol.

 

 

•           

epinephrine and norepinephrine.

 

 

•           

acetylcholine and cortisol.

 

 

 

•            Identify whether the description of the skin lesion matches the disorder where it is found. (Select True or False)

Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with a flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter: Psoriasis or seborrheic and actinic keratoses

•           

True

 

 

•           

False

 

 

 

•            What is the medical term for a fungal infection of the nail plate?

•           

Paronychia

 

 

•           

Onychomycosis

 

 

•           

Tinea corporis

 

 

•           

Tinea capitis

 

 

 

•            Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

•           

Antidiuretic hormone

 

 

•           

Aldosterone

 

 

•           

Cortisol

 

 

•           

Adrenocorticotropin hormone

 

 

 

•            Identify whether the description of the skin lesion matches the disorder where it is found. (Select True or False)

Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter: Wart (verruca) or lichen planus

•           

True

 

 

•           

False

 

 

 

•            Advair (fluticasone/salmeterol) is a combination of which of the following?

•           

Short-acting beta agonist and corticosteroid

 

 

•           

Long-acting beta agonist and corticosteroid

 

 

•           

Long-acting beta agonist and antihistamine

 

 

•           

Short-acting beta agonist and antihistamine

 

 

 

•            What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture?

•           

Idiopathic

 

 

•           

Incomplete

 

 

•           

Pathologic

 

 

•           

Greenstick

 

 

 

•            Which statements are true regarding Koplik spots? (Select all that apply.)

•             

Koplik spots are associated with rubeola.

 

 

•             

They appear as white spots.

 

 

•             

The lesions are surrounded by a red ring.

 

 

•             

The lesions of Koplik spots are large in size.

 

 

•             

Koplik spots are primarily found on buccal mucosa.

 

 

 

•            Which stage of infection is occurring when the immune and inflammatory responses are triggered?

•           

Incubation period

 

 

•           

Prodromal stage

 

 

•           

Invasion period

 

 

•           

Convalescence

 

 

 

•            The nurse is caring for a patient who has chronic renal failure and hypertension. The correct classification for the hypertension is

•           

An antihistamine

 

 

•           

Sildenafil

 

 

•           

A long-acting opioid

 

 

•           

An anticoagulant

 

 

 

•            Which laboratory value is consistently low in a patient with diabetes insipidus (DI)?

•           

Urine-specific gravity

 

 

•           

Serum sodium

 

 

•           

Urine protein

 

 

•            Identify whether the description matches the disorder. (Select True or False)

Abnormal dilation of the vein within the spermatic cord – Varicocele

•           

True

 

 

•           

False

 

 

 

•            Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it act?

•           

Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells

 

 

•           

Renal tubules; renal collecting ducts

 

 

•           

Anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary

 

 

•           

Posterior pituitary; loop of Henle

 

 

 

•            Which of the following best describes a Phase IV clinical trial?

•           

Dose-finding study in healthy volunteers

 

 

•           

Post-marketing study to detect potentially rare adverse effects

 

 

•           

Randomized clinical trial in patients with the disease of interest done prior to FDA approval

 

 

•           

Exploratory study done in animals to assess potential toxicities

 

 

 

•            What are the primary adverse effects associated with SSRIs?

•           

Weight gain and decreased libido

 

 

•           

Weight loss and decreased appetite

 

 

•           

Sedation and QT-prolongation

 

 

•           

Insomnia and hypertension

 

 

 

•            The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances?

•           

Parathyroid hormone, ADH, and vitamin D

 

 

•           

Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D

 

 

•           

Thyroid hormone, ADH, and vitamin D

 

 

•           

Thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D

 

 

 

•            Which of the following agents is considered first-line for management of opioid-induced constipation?

•           

Methylcellulose

 

 

•           

Mineral oil

 

 

•           

Polyethylene glycol

 

 

•           

Docusate

 

 

 

•            Thomas is admitted for symptoms of acute coronary syndrome. You determine that a nitroglycerin drip is indicated for his chest pain. What medication must you make sure he is not taking before writing this order?

•           

An antihistamine

 

 

•           

Sildenafil

 

 

•           

A long-acting opioid

 

 

•           

An anticoagulant

 

 

•            What is the central component of the pathogenic model of multiple sclerosis?

•           

Myelination of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

 

 

•           

Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS

 

 

•           

Development of neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS

 

 

•           

Inherited autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance

 

 

•            Which statement best describes Raynaud's disease?

•           

Inflammatory disorder of small- and medium-sized arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands

 

 

•           

Neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities

 

 

•           

Vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and, less commonly, of the toes

 

 

•           

Autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities

 

 

•            People with gout are at high risk for which comorbid condition?

•           

Renal calculi

 

 

•           

Joint trauma

 

 

•           

Anemia

 

 

•           

Hearing loss

 

 

•            Which of the following drugs works via antagonism of 5-HT (serotonin) receptors in the GI tract?

•           

Ondansetron

 

 

•           

Droperidol

 

 

•           

Prochlorperazine

 

 

•           

Aprepitant

 

 

•            Which antimicrobial should be avoided in children because it is deposited in tissues undergoing calcification and can stunt growth?

•           

Tetracycline

 

 

•           

Ciprofloxacin

 

 

•           

Vancomycin

 

 

•           

Amoxicillin

 

 

•            Which of the following agents is useful to treat COPD because of its anticholinergic effects?

•           

Salmeterol (Serevent)

 

 

•           

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

 

 

•           

Albuterol (Proventil)

 

 

•           

Prednisone (Deltasone)

 

 

•            An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children?

•           

C

 

 

•           

B12

 

 

•           

B6

 

 

•           

D

 

 

 

•            An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole, as well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

•           

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

 

 

•           

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

 

 

•           

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

 

 

•           

Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect

 

 

 

•            Which of the following is true regarding adverse drug events?

•           

They include medication errors, adverse effects, allergic reactions, and idiosyncratic reactions.

 

 

•           

They are rarely preventable.

 

 

•           

They are infrequent in the inpatient setting.

 

 

•           

They are generally over-reported.

 

 

•            Which age group should be targeted for testicular cancer education and screening?

•           

15 to 35 year olds

 

 

•           

20 to 45 year olds

 

 

•           

30 to 55 year olds

 

 

•           

45 to 70 year olds

 

 

•            What is the most common cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections?

•           

Staphylococcus

 

 

•           

Klebsiella

 

 

•           

Proteus

 

 

•           

Escherichia coli

 

 

•            Sylvia, age 59, has acute hepatitis. You are told it is from a drug overdose. Which drug do you suspect?

•           

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

 

 

•           

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

 

 

•           

Sumatriptan (Imitrex)

 

 

•           

Hydrocortisone (Cortisone)

 

 

•            The spread of microorganisms from mother to the baby across the placenta is termed

•           

direct transmission.

 

 

•           

vertical transmission.

 

 

•           

horizontal transmission.

 

 

•           

indirect transmission.

 

 

•            Which proton-pump inhibitor should be avoided in a patient taking clopidogrel?

•           

Omeprazole

 

 

•           

Lansoprazole

 

 

•           

Pantoprazole

 

 

•           

Rabeprazole

 

 

•            Serum levels of which of the following antiseizure drugs must be corrected based on the patient's albumin level due to its high protein binding?

•           

Valproic acid (Depakote)

 

 

•           

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

 

 

•           

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

 

 

•           

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

 

 

•            After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?

•           

Anaphylactic reaction in which chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, relax vascular smooth muscles, causing shock

 

 

•           

Postoperative hemorrhage during which a large volume of blood is lost, causing hypotension with compensatory tachycardia

 

 

•           

Concentrated bolus that moves from the stomach into the small intestine, causing hyperglycemia and resulting in polyuria and eventually hypovolemic shock

 

 

•           

Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high osmotic gradient in the small intestine, causing a sudden shift of fluid from the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen

 

 

•            Which of the following agents is considered a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)?

•           

Albuterol

 

 

•           

Salmeterol

 

 

•           

Fluticasone

 

 

•           

Ipratropium

 

 

•            Your patient is taking carbamazepine, a CYP3A4 substrate, for his seizure disorder. He is experiencing signs of depression and decides to try St. John's wort, which he purchased over-the-counter at the local pharmacy. Since St. John's wort is a CYP3A4 inducer, which of the following may occur?

•           

The patient may have an increased risk for seizure.

 

 

•           

The patient may have an increased risk of carbamazepine-related toxicities.

 

 

•           

The patient may need an increased dose of St. John’s wort.

 

 

•           

No clinically-significant drug-drug interaction is likely to occur.

 

 

•            Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it:

•           

stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium.

 

 

•           

binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys.

 

 

•           

transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.

 

 

•           

breaks down the chemical components of potassium, causing it to be no longer effective.

 

 

•            Which NSAID is generally considered the safest for use in patients with coronary artery disease?

•           

Celecoxib

 

 

•           

Indomethacin

 

 

•           

Naproxen

 

 

•           

Acetaminophen

 

 

•            Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory

•           

atrophy.

 

 

•           

metaplasia.

 

 

•           

hyperplasia.

 

 

•           

dysplasia.

 

 

•            In the absence of susceptibility data for an acute infection, the choice of an antimicrobial drug is mostly influenced by

•           

the site of infection and the patient's history.

 

 

•           

the sensitivity report and the colony count.

 

 

•           

the source of the infection and the color of exudate.

 

 

•           

the host defense mechanism and the immune response.

 

 

•            Which of the following drugs has coverage against pseudomonas?

•           

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

 

 

•           

Linezolid (Zyvox)

 

 

•           

Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)

 

 

•           

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

 

 

•            Losartan (Cozaar) lowers the blood pressure by:

•           

blocking calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels.

 

 

•           

directly dilating arterioles without affecting veins.

 

 

•           

suppressing the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme.

 

 

•           

blocking angiotensin II at its receptors.

 

 

•            Which of the following ICU sedatives should not be used for greater than 24 hours per the FDA-approved labeling?

•           

Midazolam (Versed)

 

 

•           

Diazepam (Valium)

 

 

•           

Dexmedetomidine (Precedex)

 

 

•           

Propofol (Diprivan)

 

 

•            Which of the following benzodiazepines is preferred for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the inpatient setting due to its short half-life?

•           

Lorazepam

 

 

•           

Chlordiazepoxide

 

 

•           

Clonazepam

 

 

•            Which clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection may be demonstrated in an 85-year-old individual?

•           

Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort

 

 

•           

Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain

 

 

•           

Hematuria and flank pain

 

 

•           

Pyuria, urgency, and frequency

 

 

•            Which diuretic acts by inhibiting sodium chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

•           

Furosemide (Lasix)

 

 

 

•