NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 1 Discussion
Myocardial Infarction
Read the following case study and answer the posed questions:
Mr. T., a 45-year-old black man employed as a midlevel corporate manager, came to the doctor’s office seeking a physical examination. He appeared somewhat overweight. He denied taking any medications or smoking, but admitted drinking alcohol. His father and older brother have hypertension (HTN) and his paternal grandfather experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) and a CVA at a young age. Mr. T. stated, “A year ago at a health fair my cholesterol was tested. I was told later by mail that my cholesterol was 250 and I had to recheck my blood pressure.” His Bp at the time of his examination was 159/94, HR 96, weight 275, height 5’11 in.
Explain the progressive pathophysiologic relationship between an MI and the development of left ventricular (LV) failure. What factors affect the severity of LV failure?
Next, visit http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/facts.html (Links to an external site.) and access resources about deep vein thrombosis.
Document the manifestations and management of clients with deep vein thrombosis.
Submit a summary of some of the things you learned from this video.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and refesences in APA format.
Please review the rubric to ensure that your response meets the criteria.
Estimated time to complete: 2 hours
Discussion Peer/Participation Prompt [Due Sunday]
Look at your course colleagues’ responses.
From your advanced practice mindset reflect on a discussion you would like to have with two of your course colleagues about their responses.
Post a response individually to each of them that expresses your advanced practice nursing role perspective of the data represented in their response.
Use scholarly resources relevant to your advanced practice nursing role to support the key elements of the peer discussions you construct. [For example - if you are a nurse educator (clinical or academic) what are your thoughts about their ability to follow task instructions for constructing the assignment, etc.?; if you a nurse leader what are your thoughts about the success of their application of a process improvement model, etc.?; if you are a nurse practitioner what are your observations about the non-conventional modality presented in the schemata, can you locate any evidence or the foundational basic sciences that support the modality, etc.?
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 2 Discussion
COPD
Read the following case study and answer the posed questions:
Mr. Les Brown has been diagnosed with COPD 10 years ago. He has been increasingly shortness of breath doing activities of daily living, needing to rest more frequently and feels he is coughing more often.
Explain the pathophysiology behind the signs and symptoms of COPD
What relationship do you see with Mr. Brown's vital signs – 26 RR, 91% oxygen saturation, temp: 37.8, HR: 93 BP: 150/70
Describe the goals of care for Mr Brown. Make sure to use the COPD gold standards of care( https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/WMS-GOLD-2018-Feb-Final-to-print-v2.pdf (Links to an external site.)) for your plan.
How would you follow up on your proposed plan of care?
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Please review the rubric to ensure that your response meets the criteria.
Estimated time to complete: 2 hours
Discussion Peer/Participation Prompt [Due Sunday]
Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts. To ensure that your responses are substantive:
Post a response individually to each of them that expresses your advanced practice nursing role perspective of the data represented in their schemata.
Use scholarly resources relevant to your advanced practice nursing role to support the key elements of the peer discussions you construct. [For example - if you are a nurse educator (clinical or academic) what are your thoughts about their ability to follow task instructions for constructing the assignment, etc.?; if you a nurse leader what are your thoughts about the success of their application of a process improvement model, etc.?; if you are a nurse practitioner what are your observations about the non-conventional modality presented in the schemata, can you locate any evidence or the foundational basic sciences that support the modality, etc.?
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 3 Discussion
Hyperthyroidism
Read the following case study and answer the posed questions:
Case #1:
History: A 65 year old housewife complains of progressive weight gain of 40 pounds in 1 year, fatigue, dizziness, sluggish memory, slow speech, deepening of her voice, dry skin, constipation, and cold intolerance.
Physical examination: Vital signs: temperature 96.4oF, pulse 68/minute and regular, BP 108/60, weight 170 lbs, height 5 feet, puffy face, pale, cool, dry skin. The thyroid gland is not palpable, deep tendon reflex time is delayed.
Laboratory studies: CBC and differential WBC are normal. The serum T4 concentration is 3.4 ug/dl (N=4.5-12.5), the serum TSH is .9 uU/ml (N=0.2-3.5), and the serum cholesterol is 275 mg/dl (N<200).
What is the likely diagnosis and what symptoms made you consider that diagnosis?
Which lab data supported the diagnosis?
Explain-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid axis and interrelationship.
Case #2:
J.R. is a 58-year old man who presented with a 6-week history of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. A random glucose test performed on day of his visit and was 359 mg/dl. The patient denied any symptoms of numbness, tingling in hands or feet, dysuria, chest pain, cough or fevers. He had no prior history of diabetes and no family history of diabetes.
Admission non-fasting serum glucose 268 mg/dl (N=<180 mg/dl), HbA1c 9.6% (N=4-6.1%). Electrolytes, BUN and creatinine were normal. Physical examination revealed weight of 190 pounds, height 5'6.5" . The rest of the examination was unremarkable, i.e., no signs of retinopathy or neuropathy.
What are the mechanisms of blurred vision which was part of his initial symptoms?
Are there correlations between his abnormal blood chemistries and his other symptoms?
Identify the cardiovascular and microvascular risk factors in the history, physical examination, and laboratory data in this patient.
Cite current research findings, national guidelines, and expert opinions and controversies found in the medical and nursing literature to support your position.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Please review the rubric to ensure that your response meets the criteria.
Estimated time to complete: 2 hours
Discussion Peer/Participation Prompt [Due Sunday]
Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts. To ensure that your responses are substantive, use at least three of these prompts:
Do you agree with your peers’ diagnosis?
Take an opposing view to a peer and present an alternative approach.
Share your thoughts on how you support their opinion and explain why.
Present new references that support your opinions.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 4 Discussion
Digestive Function
Read the following case study and answer the posed questions
Case #1: A 64-year-old man presents to the emergency department (Links to an external site.) with abdominal pain and distention, as well as constipation of 8 days’ duration. He denies vomiting, fever, diarrhea, or dysuria. Except for hypertension, he is otherwise healthy with no prior surgeries.
His vital signs are normal except for a borderline pulse of 99 bpm. His physical examination is unremarkable except for his abdomen, which is large, rotund, and tympanitic. There is diffuse tenderness everywhere in the abdomen.
What history would you want to obtain?
What differential diagnoses would you consider?
List and describe the specific diagnostic tests you might order to determine cause of his concern?
Case #2:
Kyle is a 58-year-old man who is experiencing lower abdominal discomfort nausea and diarrhea lasting 2 days. He thought he had eaten something that “disturbed his stomach” but since this has lasted so long, he is afraid it’s something serious.
As you obtain a history from this patient what differential diagnoses are you considering. Give rational for your choices.
Discuss the pathophysiologic relationship between nausea and vomiting?
Three days after Kyle's initial visit his labs confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis.
Discuss the pathophysiologic relationship between cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Cite current research findings, national guidelines, and expert opinions and controversies found in the medical and nursing literature to support your position and suggestions.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Please review the rubric to ensure that your response meets the criteria.
Estimated time to complete: 2 hours
Discussion Peer/Participation Prompt [Due Sunday]
Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts. To ensure that your responses are substantive, use at least three of these prompts:
Do you agree with your peers’ diagnosis?
Take an alternate view and offer a potential alternate approach.
Share your thoughts on how you support their opinion and explain why.
Present new references that support your opinions.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 5 Discussion
Back Pain
Read the following case study and answer the posed questions
Case #1: 49-year-female assembly worker at automotive manufacturer presents to your clinic complaining of increasing back pain over the last week. Back pain is in the central low back region and radiates into both gluteal regions – no leg pain. Has been off work for the last 6/12 with no improvement in pain.
Create a list of possible differential diagnoses?
Discuss the evidence you would need to obtain to rule in or rule out each differential?
What additional aspects of the history and physical examination could provide relevant information to help in the diagnosis?
Case #2: A 65-year-old Caucasian female has a follow up appointment with a family orthopedist after visiting the emergency department for a wrist fracture. The orthopedist then turns her case over to you to schedule a bone mineral density (BMD) testing. Results of the BMD test show a T-score of 3.0, indicating osteoporosis. Her past medical history includes mild hypertension which is currently managed with propranolol. She also takes a daily multivitamin. She drinks and smokes occasionally and she has no children or spouse.
What is the difference between degenerative bone disease and osteoporosis? Explain the pathology of each.
What treatment options should be discussed with the patient?
What lifestyle changes should be recommended to the patient?
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Please review the rubric to ensure that your response meets the criteria.
Estimated time to complete: 2 hours
Discussion Peer/Participation Prompt [Due Sunday]
Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts. To ensure that your responses are substantive, use at least three of these prompts:
Comment on at least 2 answers and rationale given by your colleagues that differ from yours.
Take an opposing view to a peer and present a logical argument supporting the opposite opinion.
Share your thoughts on how you support their opinion and explain why.
Present new references that support your opinions.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 6 Discussion
Neurologic Disorders
Read the following case study and answer the posed questions
Case #1: For over 15 years, James, aged 64, has had severe, intermittent headaches. These headaches are characterized by an intense burning pain on one side of his head, accompanied by tearing in his eye and a runny nose. When they strike, the attacks typically occur several times a day and usually last about an hour. James can be headache free for months at a time, but the attacks always return.
Describe the pathology of a headache.
Based on the different etiologies for headaches which of those fit this patients situation?
What additional aspects of the history and physical examination could provide relevant information to help in the diagnosis?
Based on the history provided and using the following diagnostic tool https://headaches.org/resources/the-complete-headache-chart/ (Links to an external site.) as a quick reference of the guideline, you diagnose migraine without aura. List the evidence that supports your diagnosis.
Case #2: Mr. Smith is a new patient with a history of recent stroke approximately 3 months ago. He was hospitalized in another state, but you don't have his records now. The patient's wife is extremely anxious and worried about him because he hasn’t been “acting right”. She wants him checked out. She does not think he had hypertension but adds "he does not like to go to doctors."
Regarding the patient's available history, create a detailed plan of care for this patient.
In recognition of the morbidity of recurrent brain ischemia, the evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of future stroke among survivors of ischemic stroke or TIA can be found in the current AHA/ASA Recommendations for Antithrombotic Therapy for Noncardioembolic Stroke or TIA https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/str.0000000000000024 (Links to an external site.). Based on these current guidelines what goals would you recommend for this patient to insure prevention of another brain ischemic event?
Cite current research findings, national guidelines, and expert opinions and controversies found in the medical and nursing literature to support your position.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Please review the rubric to ensure that your response meets the criteria.
Discussion Peer/Participation Prompt [Due Sunday]
Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts. To ensure that your responses are substantive, use at least three of these prompts:
Look at your course colleagues’ responses.
Post a response individually to each of them that expresses your advanced practice nursing role perspective of the data represented in their schemata.
Use scholarly resources relevant to your advanced practice nursing role to support the key elements of the peer discussions you construct. [For example - if you are a nurse educator (clinical or academic) what are your thoughts about their ability to follow task instructions for constructing the assignment, etc.?; if you a nurse leader what are your thoughts about the success of their application of a process improvement model, etc.?; if you are a nurse practitioner what are your observations about the non-conventional modality presented in the schemata, can you locate any evidence or the foundational basic sciences that support the modality, etc.?
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 7 Discussion
Pathophysiologic Diagnosis
Case #1: A 55-year-old woman presents to the office with bloody urine and dysuria
of 12-hour duration. She was recently married and has never had similar
symptoms. She denies chills and fever. On physical examination she is afebrile, has normal vital signs, and has mild tenderness in the midline above the pubis. Her urinalysis shows too many to count (TNTC) red blood cells.se
What is the definition of bacteriuria?
What additional history do you need to make a diagnosis?
What diagnostic studies would you order and why?
Case #2: A 23-year-old woman was married a year ago. Since then, she has experienced five attacks of acute cystitis, all characterized by dysuria, increased frequency, and urgency. Each infection responded to short-term treatment with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. The recurrences occurred at intervals of 3 weeks to 3 months following completion of antibiotic therapy. For the past two days, the woman has been experiencing acute flank pain, microscopic hematuria, dysuria, increased frequency, and urgency.
Her vital signs are T = 37.9°C, P = 106, R = 22, and BP = 130/75 mm Hg. Physical examination reveals costovertebral tenderness, mild tenderness to palpation in the suprapubic area, but no other abnormalities.
What are possible reasons for this woman’s pain? List possible differential diagnosis and explain each?
What diagnostic tests should you order to confirm diagnosis?
What are the possible causes of recurrent lower UTIs?
What are the differences when comparing prerenal acute renal failure, intrarenal acute renal failure, and postrenal acute renal failure? Give examples of each.
Cite current research findings, national guidelines, and expert opinions and controversies found in the medical and nursing literature to support your position.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Please review the rubric to ensure that your response meets the criteria.
Estimated time to complete: 2 hours
Discussion Peer/Participation Prompt [Due Sunday]
Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts. To ensure that your responses are substantive, use at least three of these prompts:
Look at your course colleagues’ PDSA model schemata.
Review the ‘P’ and the ‘S’ of your course colleagues’ schemata from your advanced practice nursing role perspective – educator, leader or practitioner. From your advanced practice mindset reflect on a discussion you would like to have with two of your course colleagues about their schemata.
Post a response individually to each of them that expresses your advanced practice nursing role perspective of the data represented in their schemata.
Use scholarly resources relevant to your advanced practice nursing role to support the key elements of the peer discussions you construct. [For example - if you are a nurse educator (clinical or academic) what are your thoughts about their ability to follow task instructions for constructing the assignment, etc.?; if you a nurse leader what are your thoughts about the success of their application of a process improvement model, etc.?; if you are a nurse practitioner what are your observations about the non-conventional modality presented in the schemata, can you locate any evidence or the foundational basic sciences that support the modality, etc.?
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 8 Discussion
Reflection
Please respond to the following questions based upon these course objectives:
Integrate nursing and related sciences into the delivery of advanced nursing care to diverse populations. (AACNI.1)
Incorporate current and emerging genetic/genomic evidence in providing advanced nursing care to individuals, families, and communities while accounting for patient values and clinical judgment. (AACN I.2)
Compare normal anatomy and physiology to alterations in function and regulation of body organs and systems in response to stressors. (AACN I.1)
Please answer the following questions with supporting examples and full explanations.
For each of the learning objectives, provide an analysis of how the course supported each objective.
Explain how the material learned in this course, based upon the objectives, will be applicable to professional application.
Provide evidence (citations and references) to support your statements and opinions. Responses to these questions are due by Tuesday at midnight.
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 2 Exam 1
1 What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?
Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close.
Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close.
Trabeculaecarneae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed.
2What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?
Arterial stiffening
Decreased left ventricular wall tension
Decreased aortic wall thickness
Arteriosclerosis
3A patient in the Emergency department is suspected of having a myocardial infarction (MI). The initial cardiac troponin 1 level was negative. What action by the healthcare professional is best?
Prepare the patient for thrombolytic therapy.
Dismiss the patient because the lab was negative.
Schedule repeat lab within a few hours.
Give the patient oxygen and pain medication.
4A healthcare provider is assessing a patient who has a pericardial effusion and notes a pulsusparadoxus. A student asks for an explanation of how this occurs. What description by the professional is best?
Diastolic filling pressures of the right ventricle and reduction of blood volume in both ventricles
Blood ejected from the right atrium and reduction of blood volume in the right ventricle
Blood ejected from the left atrium and reduction of blood volume in the left ventricle
Diastolic filling pressures of the left ventricle and reduction of blood volume in all four heart chambers
5In systolic heart failure, what effect does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) have on stroke volume?
Increases preload and decreases afterload
Increases preload and increases afterload
Decreases preload and increases afterload
Decreases preload and decreases afterload
6Events in the development of atherosclerotic plaque include all the following except:
accumulation of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.
smooth muscle proliferation.
calcification.
decreased elasticity.
7The complications of uncontrolled hypertension include all of the following except:
cerebrovascular accidents.
renal injury.
cardiac hypertrophy.
All of the above are complications.
8Identify the correct sequence of the portions of the pulmonary circulation.
(1) pulmonary veins
(2) pulmonary arteries
(3) lungs
(4) right ventricle
(5) left atrium
1, 5, 3, 2, 4
4, 2, 3, 1, 5
4, 1, 3, 2, 5
5, 2, 3, 1, 4
9Primary hypertension:
is essentially idiopathic.
can be caused by renal disease.
can be caused by hormone imbalance.
results from arterial coarctation.
10Which is a possible cause of varicose veins?
gravitational forces on blood
Selected Answer - Incorrect
long periods of standing
trauma to the saphenous veins
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 3 Quiz 3
1Which statement best describes the Somogyi effect?
Hyperglycemia, followed by hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia, followed by rebound hyperglycemia
Early morning rise in blood glucose with no hypoglycemia
Early morning hypoglycemia without rebound hyperglycemia
2Which is a symptom of Graves disease?
Lethargy
Lid lag
Cool moist skin
Hepatitis C
3Which cell from the pancreas synthesizes insulin?
Beta
Alpha
C-peptide
Delta
4Which is a symptom of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Hyperosmolality (serum)
Hypo-osmolality (urine)
5Several factors can increase the increase the likelihood of a diabetic acquiring metabolic syndrome. Which of the following has been shown to be the most common factor to cause this syndrome?
genetics
race
gender
weight
6Which result may be used as a diagnosis for diabetes mellitus?
Fasting glucose value greater than 126 mg/dL
Plasma glucose value of 200 mg/dL or greater 30 minutes after ingesting glucose
Random glucose level greater than 126 mg/dL
Symptoms of polyphagia with a normal random glucose level
7Which sign is related to metabolic syndrome?
insulin resistance
HDL greater than 50mgdl
Triglycerides greater than or equal to 250 (mg/dL)
Fasting glucose greater than or equal to 150 mg/dL
8Which statement is true regarding the thyroid hormone and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Decreased anterior pituitary release of TSH stimulates its secretion.
TSH is secreted in excess when stimulated by thyroxine (T4).
TSH secretion is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
TSH secretion is controlled by positive feedback.
9Hypothyroidism caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis is much more common in women than in men.
True
False
10A person develops severe dehydration and hyperglycemia. An absence of ketosis has occurred. What condition does this person have?
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)
DKA
Hypoglycemia
Somogyi effect
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 4 Quiz 4
1A patient has chronic gastritis. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on?
Antibiotic therapy
Vitamin B12 injections
Corticosteroids
Vitamin B12 injections
Pancreatic enzyme replacement
2Which are the early (prodromal) clinical manifestations of hepatitis?
Fatigue
Jaundice
Vomiting
Jaundice
Itching
3You are caring for a 45-year-old woman from a developing country. She reports that she has had "yellow jaundice" as a young child. Her PE is unremarkable. Her labs are as follows: AST, 22 U/L (normal, 0 to 31 U/L); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 25 U/L (normal, 0 to 40 U/L); Hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin G (HAV IgG) positive. Lab testing reveals:
Chronic Hep. A
No evidence of prior or current Hep. A infection.
Resolved Hep. A infection
Prodromal Hep. A
4A 64-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of upper abdominal pain. She describes the discomfort as an intermittent, centrally located "burning" feeling in the upper abdomen, most often with meals and often accompanied by mild nausea. Use of an over-the-counter H2RA affords partial symptom relief. She also uses naproxen sodium on a regular basis for the control of osteoarthritis pain. Her clinical presentation is most consistent with:
Acute gastroenteritis
Gastric Ulcer
Duodenal ulcer
Chronic cholecystitis
5Which of the following is found early in the development of chronic renal failure?
Persistent proteinuria
Elevated creatinine level
Acute uremia
Hyperkalemia
6A 68-year-old woman with heart failure presents with tachycardia, S3 heart sound and basilar crackles bilaterally. BP is 90/68 mmHg; BUN is 58 mg/dL (20.7 mmol/L); creatinine level is 2.4 mg/dL. This clinical presentation is most consistent with:
Prerenal azotemia
Acute glomerulonephritis
Tubular necrosis
Postrenal azotemia
7The most sensitive and specific test for H. pylori infection from the following list is:
Stool Gram stain, looking for the offending organism
Serological testing for antigen related to the infection
Organism-specific stool antigen testing
Serological testing for antigen related to the infection
Fecal DNA testing
8A 78-year-old man presents with fatigue and difficulty with bladder emptying. Examination reveals a distended bladder, but otherwise unremarkable. The BUN level is 88 mg/dL (31.4 mmol/L); the creatinine level is 2.8 mg/dL (247.5 mic.mol/L). This clinical assessment is most consistent with:
Prerenal azotemia
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Postrenal azotemia
9The most common source of Hep A infection is:
Sharing IV drug equipment
Cooked seafood
Contaminated water supplies
Sexual contact
10Which of the following is least likely to be found in a patient with gastric ulcer?
History of long-term naproxen use
Age younger than 50
Previous use of H2RA or antacids
Previous use of H2RA or antacids
Cigarette smoking
NU621 Advanced Pathophysiology
Unit 6 Quiz 6
1What is a risk factor of stroke that you CANNOT change?
Weight
High Blood Pressure
Age
Tobacco Use
2Besides the tests such as CT scans or MRI that are necessary for establishing the diagnosis of ischemic stroke, which is the one test that may preclude the initiation of IV tPA, if IV tPA is appropriate?
Blood glucose
CK-MB
CRP
Troponin
3The first critical decision point in the suspected stroke algorithm is?
Consideration of fibrinolytic therapy
General assessment and stabilization of the patient
Performance and assessment of a non-contrast CT to differentiate between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke
Review of risks and benefits of fibrinolytic therapy with patient and/or family
4Which of the following are signs of a stroke?
Improved mood
No symptoms
Pain that radiates from the chest to the left arm
Slurred speech
5What is a risk factor of stroke that you CAN change?
Race
Age
Family History
High Cholesterol
6Patients must be treated with fibrinolytic therapy no more than 3 to 4.5 hours from the onset of symptoms.
True
False
True
7Approximately what percentage of strokes are ischemic in nature, and thus eligible for fibrinolytic therapy if the patient qualifies?
80
70
60
50
8Most strokes are caused by ischemia.
True
False
9Fibrinolytic therapy may be used for hemorrhagic strokes.
True
False
10A stroke is a sudden onset of focal neurologic deficit
True
False
