MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 1 Discussion
DQ1 Qualitative and quantitative data
Chapter one provides information regarding the various types of data that researchers utilize in their statistical research studies...
In addition to your readings, please view this video to better understand the differences between qualitative and quantitative data.
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: The Differences Explained | Scribbr ???? (Links to an external site.)
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: The Differences Explained | Scribbr ????
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data? When would you use one and not the other? Think of a study that you have read about or researched in the past. What type of data did the researcher utilize? Could the study have been improved and, if so, how (using a different type of data, examining different variables, etc.)?
DQ2 Previous research and data collection methods
Please view the video below from Khan Academy discussing the various types of statistical research:
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/study-design-a1/observational-studies-experiments/v/types-statistical-studies (Links to an external site.)
In regard to your previous personal, professional, or academic experiences...
What type of research have you done in your educational or professional career? For those of you working on a capstone/graduation project, what type of research are you conducting?
If you have not previously done your own research or have no immediate plans in the future to do so, what is a topic that you would enjoy researching?
What types of data would need to be collected for the study (qualitative vs quantitative)? Would the use of charts or graphs be helpful?
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 2 Discussion
DQ1 Misused statistics
As you will learn throughout this course, there are many ways in which statistics can be misused, misrepresented, skewed, or flawed. This can happen both intentionally and unintentionally.
Please watch the TED talk which discusses how statistics can be misused:
How statistics can be misleading - Mark Liddell (Links to an external site.)
How statistics can be misleading - Mark Liddell
For this discussion, I would like for you to provide an example of how statistics can be misused. In addition, can you think of an example of misused statistics? Was it purposeful or accidental?
A quick Google search will yield some interesting results such as this article:
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/the-use-and-misuse-of-statistics-how-and-why-numbers-are-so-easily-manipulated/
DQ2 Working in teams to conduct a research study
Before beginning this DQ please read the following article regarding the benefits of statisticians working on teams for research projects.
https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2016/04/06/advantages-doing-research-teams-essay#:~:text=Teams%20are%20often%20helpful%20in,and%20apply%20diverse%20research%20methods.&text=A%20further%20advantage%20of%20team,to%20learn%20from%20each%20other (Links to an external site.).
What are your thoughts on online learning and collaborating as a team?
Look up (if you are unfamiliar with it) Google Drive (Document sharing) and its features. What does it offer that would be beneficial to online learners particularly in a team setting? Do you plan to utilize something similar to complete your team assignment?
In addition, have you had the opportunity to work on team assignments in mathematics? Have you worked on team assignments online?
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 3 Discussion
DQ1 Statistical research topic
As we have discussed, sometimes the data used in statistical studies can be intentionally or unintentionally flawed or misrepresented. There are many reasons that this may happen. (Links to an external site.)
This week I would like for everyone to discuss some of their findings from their research project that you have been working on.
Are you planning to examine flawed research or misinterpreted data?
What types of data were used in the research?
Did you have difficulty finding resources and what sources did you use (library articles, general search or another database)?
Did you discover anything particularly interesting about your research?
How will this project help your future academic or career goals?
DQ2 College statistics
We live in a world surrounded by statistical data and facts. Researchers use data compiled to make improvements to our daily lives, in our professions, and even in academia. Before beginning this discussion follow the link to this short video : 42 Fun & Interesting College Statistics and facts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOs2rgGi-AQ (Links to an external site.)
How do you think these statistics were calculated? Who is responsible for tabulating and sorting through all this data? Since the time the video was made what do you think changed the most and in what way? Lastly, were any of these numbers shocking to you?
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 4 Discussion
DQ1 Lifespan probability
https://www.blueprintincome.com/tools/life-expectancy-calculator-how-long-will-i-live/ (Links to an external site.)
Visit the above website and play the longevity game/calculator. What is your expected longevity (age)? How do you suppose this data was calculated? How can this be beneficial? What can we use this data for? Are there changes that you can make to improve your longevity and by how much would it change your expected age?
DQ2 Measures of Central Tendency
In statistics the three most common measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode. Each of these measures calculates the location of the central point using a different method. The measure of central tendency used varies with each situation and set of data examined.
Explain the difference between the measures of used tendency. Provide an example where it would be best utilized.
Reference the text and the following websites as needed:
https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/central-tendency/ (Links to an external site.)
https://www.statisticshowto.com/central-tendency-2/ (Links to an external site.)
https://www.thoughtco.com/measures-of-central-tendency-3026706
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 5 Discussion
DQ1 Research topic
Before formulating your response, please visit the following link that discusses the importance of research:
https://owlcation.com/academia/Why-Research-is-Important-Within-and-Beyond-the-Academe\Links to an external site.
Again, this week, I would like for everyone to discuss some of their findings from their research project that you have been working on.
Are you examining flawed data or misinterpreted information?
Did you discover anything particularly interesting about your research?
What is something you've learned about working in a group online?
DQ2 Crazy statistics
http://www.cracked.com/article_22432_6-bizarre-statistics-that-prove-math-black-magic.html (Links to an external site.)
Posted above is an article that includes some interesting and thought-provoking statistics. I find many of these quite fascinating (and I hope you do too!). What are your thoughts regarding these? What statistical methods do you think were used to obtain this information and tabulate the data? Which one surprised you the most or were you most intrigued by? Feel free to add any of your own interesting statistics that you may know or have found!
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 6 Discussion
DQ1 Politics and economics
(This discussion question will be similar to the Politics and Economics question from Chapter 5: Data Projects (p. 309 #5).)
Choose any state. Find out what percentage of citizens is registered to vote (or feel free to use another topic instead (ex. education, income, vaccination status, etc)).
What state did you choose? What percentage did you find? Assuming that this is a binomial variable, what would be the mean in a random group of citizens with a sample size equal to the number of students in this class? What would the standard deviation be?
Are you surprised by your findings? How do your calculations compare to your classmates?
The total number of students in our class is 22. In the binomial formulas: The probability of success would be the number you find registered to vote. The probability of failure would be the percentage not registered to vote.
DQ2 The Importance of Statistics
Attached are two videos that help to summarize the importance of statistics. Although many if not all of you have taken this course as a requirement, the impacts that your knowledge and understanding of these concepts will prove beneficial in both you academic and personal lives.
https://youtu.be/y4jizbqA92I (Links to an external site.)
https://youtu.be/OBk1RU7Fytg (Links to an external site.)
For this DQ please watch the videos linked above and take some time to reflect on the information that you have learned throughout the last few weeks!
What surprised you the most about statistics? Did you know how important this field was in our everyday lives? Is there a topic that you would like to learn more about or investigate further? Is there a certain aspect of statistics that you believe we should spend more time examining in the course?
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 7 Discussion
DQ1 Designing your own statistical study
Before beginning this discussion please read:
5 Steps for Conducting Scientific Studies with Statistical Analyses
https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/scientific-studies/ (Links to an external site.)
Based upon what you have learned throughout the semester if you can design any statistical study or conduct research on any topic what would you choose? What would be the hypothesis of your study? How would you gather the data needed? Would you use qualitative or quantitative data or a mix of both? What types of graphs or charts would you include and why? Would you choose a topic related to your major or something else? Would you examine probability, standard deviations, etc?
Have fun with this question while applying the concepts you learned throughout the course.
DQ2 Reflection
As the semester draws to a close and you prepare for the final please take some time to reflect on the course. What material did you find most difficult? What is the most important thing you learned from the course (ex. particular topic, time management, etc.)? What topic(s) did you enjoy most?
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 6 Assignment
Team Research Assignment
Analysis of Flawed Research
Understanding the principles in research design and delivery will help you assess various research findings. Knowing the difference between a valid statistical study and a flawed study will greatly impact your future research.
In teams of 4-5 students, find one article on the Internet that identifies either:
1. Flawed research methodologies or
2. Flawed interpretations of research data
Prepare a 2-3 page summary ( in APA format ) of your findings that includes:
a.) The purpose of the research study
b.) The methods used to collect and analyze the data
c.) The type of data collection method (primary vs. secondary) used for the research
d.) If graphs or charts were included... If so, were they appropriate? If not, what type of illustration would have been appropriate?
e.) Discuss either:
1.-how the research methods were flawed
or
2.-how the information was misinterpreted
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 1 Homework
Please complete the following problems from the Bluman text and upload them to Canvas for review. Feel free to reach out with any questions!
Chapter 1: Review Exercises
If you have the 9th /10th Edition of the textbook:
p. 34 -35
#'s 1-8
#'s 9-13
#'s 19-22
#'s 27-30
#'s 35-38
#'s 39-43
#'s 45-48
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 2 Homework
Please complete the following problems from the Bluman text and upload them to Canvas for review. Feel free to reach out with any questions!
Exercises 2-2
If you are using the 9th or 10th edition of the text:
p. 66 -NFL salaries- problem number 6.
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 3 Homework
Please complete the following problems from the Bluman text and upload them to Canvas for review. Feel free to reach out with any questions!
Exercises 3-2:
9th/ 10th Edition:
p. 143 #7 & p. 145 #26
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 4 Homework
Please complete the following problems from the Bluman text and upload them to Canvas for review. Feel free to reach out with any questions!
Chapter Quiz
In the 9th/ 10th edition of the text:
p. 182
Problem #'s 10-15
Exercises 4-1 p. 198
Problem #'s 10, 11. and 13
Chapter 4 Exercises 4-3:
If using the 9th or 10th edition:
p. 222 and 223
# 1, 2 & 15
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 5 Homework
Please complete the following problems from the Bluman text and upload them to Canvas for review. Feel free to reach out with any questions!
Chapter 5
P. 263-264 Exercises 5-1
Problem #s: 1-12
p. 272 Exercises 5-2
Problem # 3 and # 7
Homework rubric:
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 7 Homework
Chapter 6 Exercises
If using the 9th edition:
p. 305 - 306
10th edition:
pages 304-305
#'s 1-5 and also #'s 20 & 22
Chapter 6
Exercises 6-2
Page 337
Problems 1 and 2
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 1 TEST
Test #1
NAME_______________________
I. True or False
1. ______________ The height of President George W. Bush is considered a variable.
2. ______________ Probability is used as a basis for inferential statistics.
3. ______________ The variable age is an example of a qualitative variable.
4. ______________ The boundary of a variable such as 6 inches would be 5.5-6.5 inches.
5. ______________ The weight of pumpkins is considered to be a continuous variable.
II. For the following statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used.
6. _______________ The average life expectancy in New Zealand is 78.49 years. (Source: World Factbook 2004)
7. _______________ A diet high in fruits and vegetables will lower blood pressure. (Institute of Medicine)
8. _______________ The total amount of estimated losses from hurricane Hugo was $4.2 billion. (Insurance Service Office)
9. _______________ Researchers stated that the shape of a person’s ears is related to the person’s aggression. (American Journal of Human Biology)
10. ______________ In 2025, the number of high school graduates will be 3.2 million students. (National Center for education)
III. Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, interval-level or ratio-level-data
11. ______________ Ratings of movies as G, PG, and R.
12. ______________ Number of candy bars sold on a fund drive.
13. ______________ Classification of cars as subcompact, compact, standard, and luxury.
14. ______________ Temperatures of hair dryers.
15. ______________ Weights of suitcases on a commercial airline.
IV. Give the boundaries for each value.
16. _______________ 48 seconds
17. _______________ .56 centimeter
18. _______________ 9.1 quarts
9. _______________ 13.7 pounds
20. _______________ 7 feet
V. Classify each as random, systematic, stratified or cluster
21. _______________ To conduct a pre-election opinion poll on a proposed amendment to the state constitution, a random sample of 10 telephone prefixes (first three digits of the phone number) was selected and all households from the phone prefixes selected were called
22. _______________ To maintain quality control in a brewery, every 20th bottle of beer coming off the production line was opened and tested.
23. _______________ Subscribers to the magazine Sound Alive were assigned numbers. Then a sample of 30 subscribers was selected by using a random-number table. The subscriber in the sample were invited to rate new compact disc player for a “What the Subscribers Think” column
24. ________________ To judge the appeal of a proposed television sitcom, a random sample of 10 people from each of three different age categories was selected and those chosen were asked to rate a pilot show.
25. ________________ To evaluate the differences in employee benefits, you select a sample of businesses using the Island Business Directory. Select a random starting place and then use every 50th business listed until you have 100 businesses.
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 2 TEST
Test #2 Online
1. Look at the following data of high temperatures for 50 days. The highest temperature is 59 and the lowest temperature is 39. If we were to create a simple frequency distribution of this data we would have 21 temperature values. This is greater than 20 values so we should create a grouped frequency distribution.
Data Set - High Temperatures for 50 Days
57 39 52 52 43
50 53 42 58 55
58 50 53 50 49
45 49 51 44 54
49 57 55 59 45
50 45 51 54 58
53 49 52 51 41
52 40 44 49 45
43 47 47 43 51
55 55 46 54 41
If we use this data and follow the suggestions for creation of a grouped frequency distribution, we would create the following grouped frequency distribution. Note that we use an interval size of three so that each class interval includes three score values. Please complete the distribution below. (50) pts.
Grouped Frequency Distribution for High Temperatures
Class Interval Tally Frequency Percentages Central Angles Cumulative
Frequency
////// 6 12% 6
54-56 /////// 7 13
51-53 22%
///////// 9 64.8
45-47 7
////// 43.2
39-41 4
Totals
2. Distribution of salaries of the ACME Corporation
a.) What is the approximate number of employees who earn between $33,000 and $43,000 annually?
b.) There are approximately 2,700 employees of ACME Corporation. About what percentage of employees earn over $76,999?
c.) The largest percentage of employees earn between $44,000-$54,000. Which 2 salary ranges have roughly an equal amount of employees?
2. The pie chart below shows the ingredients used to make a sausage and mushroom pizza. The fraction of each ingredient by weight is shown in the pie chart below. We see that half of the pizza's weight comes from the crust. The mushrooms make up the smallest amount of the pizza by weight, since the slice corresponding to the mushrooms is smallest. Note that the sum of the decimal sizes of each slice is equal to 1 (the "whole" pizza").
a.) Sauce and cheese combine to form what percentage of the pizza?
b.) What would be the Central Angle for the Cheese portion of the pizza?
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 4 TEST
Test 3
Name _______________________________
1. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, the lengths of business cycles from 1919 to 1995, measured from trough to trough (a trough is the low point) in months, were
61 38 46 50 74 73 98 58
65 57 44 127 62 74 38 110
a.) Find the Mean
b.) Find the Median
c.) Find the Mode
d.) Find the Midrange
e.) Find the Standard Deviation
2. The densities of selected gases in kilograms per cubic meter are
Air 1.22 Neon 0.95
Carbon Dioxide 2.03 Nitrogen 1.30
Carbon monoxide 1.30 Nitrous Oxide 2.05
Helium 0.23 Oxygen 1.48
Hydrogen 0.14 Propane 2.07
Methane 0.77 Sulfur Dioxide 2.98
a.) Find the Mean
b.) Find the Median
c.) Find the Mode
d.) Find the Midrange
e.) Find the Standard Deviation
3. It has been claimed that for samples of size n=10 the range should be roughly three times as large as the standard deviation. Check this claim with reference to the following test scores, which 10 students obtained on an examination: 73, 86, 68, 67, 87, 80, 60, 76, 71, and 82. (10 points)
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 6 TEST
Test #4
Name _______________________________
1. An apartment building has 20 two-bedroom apartments and 8 three-bedroom apartments. If 4 apartments are chosen at random to be redecorated, what are the probabilities that
a) All will be two-bedroom apartments ?
(b) 2 will be two-bedroom apartments and 2 will be three-bedroom apartments ?
2. A bowl contains 33 red beads, 11 white beads, 9 blue beads, and 15 black beads. If one bead is drawn at random, what are the probabilities of getting
(a) a red bead
(b) a bead that is white or black
C) a bead that is neither red nor black
3. A carton of 18 lightbulbs includes 5 that are defective. If two bulbs are drawn at random, what are the probabilities that
(a) neither bulb will be defective
(b) exactly 1 bulb will be defective
(c ) both bulbs will be defective
4. If three cards are drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 playing cards, what are the probabilities of getting
a) three diamonds
(b) an Ace, a Queen, and a King
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Module 7 TEST
Test # 5
Name _______________________________
1. Find the probabilities that a random variable will take on a value between 10 and 20 given that it has a normal distribution with:
(a) Mean = 10 and s = 5
(b) Mean = 20 and s = 10
2. Find z if
(a) the normal curve area between 0 and z is 0.4884
(b) the normal curve area to the right of z is 0.8665
3. For each of the cases below, involving areas under the standard normal curve, decide whether the first area is bigger, the second area is bigger, or both areas are equal.
(a) The area to the left of z = 0, or the area to the right of z = 0.1
(b) the area between z = -0.3 and 0.3, or the area between z = -0.5 and 0.5
4. Find the area under the standard normal curve which lies
(a) to the left of 0.47
b) to the right of z = -0.06
( c) to the right of z = 2.53
(d) to the left of z = -1.31
(e) between z = 0.72 and z = 1.59
(f) between z = -0.11 and z = 2.48
MAT135 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Final Exam
Directions: Place all answers in the space provided. Circle all of your answers. Show all work used to arrive at your solution for partial credit consideration.
For the following statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used.
1. _______________ The average life expectancy in New Zealand is 78.49 years. (Source: World Factbook 2004)
2. _______________ A diet high in fruits and vegetables will lower blood pressure. (Institute of Medicine)
3. _______________ The total amount of estimated losses from hurricane Hugo was $4.2 billion. (Insurance Service Office)
Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, interval-level or ratio-level-data
4. ______________ Ratings of movies as G, PG, and R.
5. ______________ Number of candy bars sold on a fund drive.
Give the boundaries for each value.
6. _______________ 48 seconds
7. _______________ .56 centimeter
8. _______________ 9.1 quarts
Classify each as random, systematic, stratified or cluster
9. _______________ To conduct a pre-election opinion poll on a proposed amendment to the state constitution, a random sample of 10 telephone prefixes (first three digits of the phone number) was selected and all house holds from the phone prefixes selected were called
10. _______________ To maintain quality control in a brewery, every 20th bottle of beer coming off the production line was opened and tested.
Distribution of salaries of the ACME Corporation
11. What is the approximate number of employees who earn between $33,000 and $43,000 annually?
12. There are approximately 2,700 employees of ACME Corporation. About what percentage of employees earn over $76,999?
13. The largest percentage of employees earn between $44,000-$54,000. Which 2 salary ranges have roughly an equal amount of employees?
According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, the lengths of business cycles from 1919 to 1995, measured from trough to trough (a trough is the low point) in months, were
61 38 46 50 74 73 98 58
65 44 127 62 74 38 110 57
14. Find the Mean
15. Find the Median
16. Find the Mode
17. Find the Midrange
18. Find the Standard Deviation
19/20. It has been claimed that for samples of size n=10 the range should be roughly three times as large as the standard deviation. Check this claim with reference to the following test scores, which 10 students obtained on an examination: 73, 86, 68, 67, 87, 80, 60, 76, 71, and 82.
When two dice are rolled find the probability of getting:
21. A sum greater than 8
22. A sum that is divisible by 3
A recent study of robberies for a certain geographic area showed an average of 1 robbery per 20,000 people. In a city of 80,000 people, find the probability of the following.
23. 0 robberies
24. 1 robbery
25. 2 robberies
