1. What term is used to describe a
hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and
a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a
vertebra?
Encephalocele
Meningocele
Spina bifida occulta
Myelomeningocele
Question 2. What provides the best estimate
of the functioning of renal tissue?
Glomerular filtration rate
Hourly urine output
Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine
The specific gravity of the solute
concentration of the urine
Question 3. Where are Langerhans cells
found?
Skin
Intestinal lining
Kidney
Thyroid
Question 4. Where in the lung does gas
exchange occur?
Trachea
Segmental bronchi
Alveolocapillary membrane
Main bronchus
Question 5. The tonic neck reflex observed
in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by:
2 years
1 year
10 months
5 months
Question 6. When renin is released, it is
capable of which action?
Inactivation of autoregulation
Direct activation of angiotensin II
Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Formation of angiotensin I
Question 7. The portion of the antigen that
is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of
determinant?
Immunotope
Paratope
Epitope
Antigenitope
Question 8. Which sexually transmitted
infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea?
Syphilis
Herpes simplex virus
Chlamydia
Chancroid
Question 9. How is the effectiveness of
vitamin B12 therapy measured?
Reticulocyte count
Serum transferring
Hemoglobin
Serum vitamin B12
Question 10. Carcinoma refers to abnormal
cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?
Blood vessels
Epithelial cells
Connective tissue
Glandular tissue
Question 11. Which type of microorganism
reproduces on the skin?
Viruses
Bacteria and fungi
Protozoa and Rickettsiae
Mycoplasma
Question 12. An infant has a
crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and
third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting
of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent
with which congenital heart defect?
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Question 13. An infant diagnosed with a small
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom?
Intermittent murmur
Lack of symptoms
Need for surgical repair
Triad of congenital defects
Question 14. What is the function of
erythrocytes?
Tissue oxygenation
Hemostasis
Infection control
Allergy response
Question 15. Which terms represent the
correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue,
respectively?
Liposarcoma, lipoma
Lipoma, liposarcoma
Adisarcoma, adipoma
Adipoma, adisarcoma
Question 16. What is the chance with each
pregnancy that a child born to two parents with the sickle trait will have
sickle cell disease (SCD)?
20%
25%
33%
50%
Question 17. What pulmonary defense mechanism
propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx?
Nasal turbinates
Alveolar macrophages
Cilia
Irritant receptors on the nares
Question 18. The concentration of the final
urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by which
gland?
Posterior pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Anterior pituitary
Question 19. Why is the herpes virus
inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection?
The virus does not circulate in the blood.
It does not have antibody receptors.
It resists agglutination.
The virus is a soluble antigen.
Question 20. Which renal change is found in
older adults?
Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate
Sharp decline in renal blood flow
Decrease in the number of nephrons
Decrease in urine output
Question 21. Which immunoglobulin is present
in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
Question 22. Which hormone prompts increased
anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response?
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Question 23. Which statement is true
regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate?
The antibodies enter into the fetal
circulation by means of active transport.
The antibodies are transferred to the fetus
via the lymphatic system.
The antibodies are directly related to the
mother’s nutritional intake.
The antibodies reach protective levels after
approximately 6 months of age.
Question 24. The function of the tumor cell
marker is to:
Provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer.
Treat certain types of cancer.
Predict where cancers will develop.
Screen individuals at high risk for cancer.
Question 25. Which statement is true
concerning a fungal infection?
Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair,
and nails.
Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal
infections.
Fungal infections release endotoxins.
Vaccines prevent fungal infections.
Question 26. Which change is a result of
puberty and defends the vagina from infection?
The pH stabilizes between 7 and 8.
A thin squamous epithelial lining develops.
Vaginal pH becomes more acidic.
Estrogen levels are low.
Question 27. The number of persons living
with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which
term?
Relativity
Survivability
Prevalence
Incidence
Question 28. Which risk factor for
hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?
Sodium intake
Physical inactivity
Psychosocial stress
Obesity
Question 29. Having ejected a mature ovum,
the ovarian follicle develops into a(n):
Atretic follicle
Thecal follicle
Corpus luteum
Functional scar
Question 30. The failure of bones to ossify,
resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder?
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Rickets
Osteochondrosis
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Question 31. What is the term that denotes
the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before
outwardly responding?
Tolerance
Perception
Threshold
Dominance
Question 32. Aldosterone directly increases
the reabsorption of:
Magnesium
Calcium
Sodium
Water
Question 33. Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic
heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of
stroke?
Hemorrhagic
Thrombotic
Embolic
Lacunar
Question 34. Which clinical manifestations are
associated with fibromyalgia?
Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups
bilaterally
Fasciculations of the upper and lower
extremity muscles
Exercise intolerance and painful muscle
cramps
Sensitivity at tender points and profound
fatigue
Question 35. Prolonged high environmental
temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension,
decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature
regulation?
Heat cramps
Heat stroke
Malignant hyperthermia
Heat exhaustion
Question 36. What is the leading cause of
infertility in women?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Endometriosis
Salpingitis
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Question 37. Which substance is a
water-soluble protein hormone?
Thyroxine
Aldosterone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Insulin
Question 38. What is the target tissue for
prolactin-releasing factor?
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Mammary glands
Posterior pituitary
Question 39. What is the cause of familial
hypercholesterolemia (FH)?
Diet high in saturated fats
Increased production of cholesterol by the
liver
Reduction in the number of low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) receptors on cell surfaces
Abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors
circulating in the blood
Question 40. Regarding type 2 diabetes,
obesity is considered to be what type of risk?
Genetic
Empirical
Relative
Modifiable
Question 41. Which four-step process
correctly describes muscle contraction?
Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation
Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling
Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction
Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation
Question 42. Adoption studies have shown that
the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have
what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism?
Twofold
Threefold
Fourfold
Tenfold
Question 43. Which hormone stimulates gonads
to produce both male and female hormones?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Estrogen
Question 44. A person with 47, XXY karyotype
has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome?
Turner
Klinefelter
Down
Fragile X
Question 45. Which would be considered a
positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Blunted affect
Auditory hallucinations
Poverty of speech
Lack of social interaction
Question 46. What term describes the loss of
the comprehension or production of language?
Agnosia
Aphasia
Akinesia
Dysphasia
Question 47. Consanguinity refers to the
mating of persons:
Who are unrelated
When one has an autosomal dominant disorder
Having common family relations
When one has a chromosomal abnormality
Question 48. The major sleep center is
located in which section of the brain?
Thalamus
Brainstem
Frontal lobe
Hypothalamus
Question 49. Which type of ion directly
controls the contraction of muscles?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Question 50. Bacteria gain access to the
female urinary tract by which means?
Systemic blood that is filtered through the
kidney
Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to
the bladder and kidneys
Bacteria ascending the urethra into the
bladder
Colonization of the bladder when urine is
static
Question 51. A criterion for a diagnosis of
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts
for at least how many months?
3
6
9
12
Question 52. What is the first indication of
nephrotic syndrome in children?
Periorbital edema
Scrotal or labial edema
Frothy urine
Ascites
Question 53. An amniocentesis indicates a
neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?
Chorionic
Alpha fetoprotein
Amniotic
Embryonic
Question 54. What is the risk for the
recurrence of autosomal dominant diseases?
10%
30%
50%
70%
Question 55. Which term is used to identify
the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially
lose contact?
Dislocation
Subluxation
Malunion
Nonunion
Question 56. The tear in a ligament is
referred to as a:
Fracture
Strain
Disunion
Sprain
Question 57. Why is prolonged diarrhea more
severe in children than it is in adults?
Less water is absorbed from the colon in
children.
Fluid reserves are smaller in children.
Children have a higher fluid volume intake.
Children have diarrhea more often than
adults.
Question 58. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
increase the risk of which cancer in women?
Ovarian
Lung
Uterine
Pancreatic
Question 59. Insulin transports which
electrolyte in the cell?
Potassium
Calcium
Sodium
Phosphorus
Question 60. What term is used to identify an
interlacing bundle of dense, white fibrous tissue that is richly supplied with
nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels?
Procallus
Joint capsule
Hematoma
Elastin fibers
Question 61. Which of the following is a
lipid-soluble hormone?
Cortisol
Oxytocin
Epinephrine
Growth hormone
Question 62. The mucosal secretions of the
cervix secrete which immunoglobulin?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
Question 63. The sudden apparent arousal in
which a child expresses intense fear or another strong emotion while still in a
sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder?
Night terrors
Insomnia
Somnambulism
Enuresis
Question 64. What is the basic structural
unit in compact bone?
Small channels called canaliculi
Osteocytes within the lacunae
Tiny spaces within the lacunae
Haversian system
Question 65. Parkinson disease is a
degenerative disorder of the brain’s:
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Frontal lobe
Basal ganglia
Question 66. Which pain theory proposes that
a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in
the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain?
GCT
Pattern theory
Specificity theory
Neuromatrix theory
Question 67. Saliva contains which
immunoglobulin (Ig)?
IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
Question 68. What type of fracture occurs at
a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would
not normally cause a fracture?
Idiopathic
Incomplete
Pathologic
Greenstick
Question 69. An infant suddenly develops
abdominal pain, becomes irritable (colicky), and draws up the knees. Vomiting
occurs soon afterward. The mother reports that the infant passed a normal
stool, followed by one that looked like currant jelly. Based on these data,
which disorder does the nurse suspect?
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
Intussusception
Malrotation
Volvulus
Question 70. In 95% of children of delayed
puberty, the problem is caused by:
Disruption in the hypothalamus
Disruption of the pituitary
Deficit in estrogen or testosterone
Physiologic hormonal delays
Question 71. Which characteristic is true of
type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers?
Slow contraction speed
Fast conduction velocities
Profuse capillary supply
Oxidative metabolism
Question 72. Neurofibrillary tangles
characterize which neurologic disorder?
Dementia syndrome
Delirium
Alzheimer disease
Parkinson disease
Question 73. Which hormone triggers uterine
contractions?
Thyroxine
Oxytocin
Growth hormone
Insulin
Question 74. How does the release (increase)
of epinephrine raise body temperature?
The release of epinephrine causes shivering.
It affects muscle tone.
It raises the metabolic rate.
It increases and strengthens the heart rate.
Question 75. Which hormone is linked to an
increase in appetite during puberty?
Inhibin
Leptin
Activin
Follistatin
