NURS6501 Advanced NURS6501, Pathophysiology
Week 11 Final Exam
Question 1
A patient reports frequent nightmares. For which of these should the healthcare professional assess the patient?
Question 2
A man has balanitis. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Question 3
Which mother does the healthcare professional prepare to administer Rh immune globulin (Rho-GAM) to?
Question 4
What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Question 5
An infant has a continuous machine-type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. The healthcare professional suspects a congenital heart disorder. What other assessment finding is inconsistent with the professional's knowledge about this disorder?
Question 6
A person has abnormally severe tooth decay and erosion of the tooth enamel. What problem should the health care professional assess the person for?
Question 7
The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic fracture. The patient asks the professional to explain the condition. What response by the professional is best?
Question 8
A patient had a seizure that consisted of impaired consciousness and the appearance of a dreamlike state. How does the healthcare professional chart this episode?
Question 9
A patient has been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and asks the healthcare professional to describe it. What description by the professional is most accurate?
Question 10
A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as normal and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appropriate?
Question 11
A patient has been exposed to prolonged high environmental temperatures and now shows signs of dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia. What treatment does the healthcare professional prepare to administer to this patient?
Question 12
Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?
Question 13
How does the epididymis become infected?
Question 14
In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect?
Question 15
An infant has gluten-sensitive enteropathy and the parents ask the healthcare professional to explain why the baby bruises so easily. The professional explains that the baby has which deficit?
Question 16
Which statement by the professor best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Question 17
A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition?
Question 18
A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?
Question 19
A man reports to the healthcare professional that he had a sudden onset of malaise, low back pain, and perineal pain with high fever and chills, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary retention. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Question 20
In the majority of children experiencing delayed puberty, what is the problem caused by?
Question 21
Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?
Question 22
A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct?
Question 23
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom?
Question 24
What does the student learn distinguishes kwashiorkor from marasmus?
Question 25
Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells?
Question 26
The healthcare professor states that a patient has reached pain tolerance. What further information from the professor is most accurate?
Question 27
What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle?
Question 28
A woman attempting to conceive tells the healthcare professional that she and her partner have intercourse when her basal body temperature (BBT) is around 37?C (98?F) without getting pregnant. What information does the professional give the woman?
Question 29
What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
Question 30
A newborn baby displays jaundice 20 hours after birth. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Question 31
A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during infection is because of what reason?
Question 32
A health care professional determines that the student needs more education when the student makes which statement about treating bone infection?
Question 33
How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus?
Question 34
A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best?
Question 35
A baby is born with a myelomeningocele and needs urgent surgery to repair the defect. The parents want to take the baby home instead. What does the healthcare professional tell the parents about the purpose of this surgery?
Question 36
A child has phenylketonuria (PKU). The healthcare professional educates the parents on the special diet needed, telling them that children with PKU are unable to synthesize what?
Question 37
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who was rewarmed after suffering from hypothermia. What possible long-term complication will the professional continue to assess the patient for?
Question 38
Which hospitalized patient does the healthcare professional assess as a priority for the development of delirium?
Question 39
A healthcare professional is reviewing a patient's laboratory results and sees that the patient has a low reticulocyte count and a high iron level. Which type of anemia does the professional associate these findings with?
Question 40
A healthcare professional is educating a community men's group on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The professional relates that most symptoms are a result of which pathophysiologic condition?
Question 41
A patient in the healthcare clinic reports fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea, as well as pale conjunctiva of the eyes and brittle, concave nails. What assessment by the healthcare professional is most appropriate for the suspected anemia?
Question 42
Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child compared with that of an adult?
Question 43
A patient has been diagnosed with lithium toxicity. Which electrolyte imbalance does the healthcare professional correlate with this condition?
Question 44
A patient is in the intensive care unit and has intercranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The patient's ICP is 17 mmHg. The healthcare professional notes that the chart indicates the patient is now in stage 1 intracranial hypertension. What assessment finding does the professional associate with this condition?
Question 45
A woman who is positive for hepatitis B is in labor. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Question 46
A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death?
Question 47
How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall?
Question 48
A health care professional is teaching a group of college women about increasing calcium in the diet to prevent osteoporosis. A participant asks at what age is peak bone mass is reached in women. What response is best?
Question 49
A healthcare professional is teaching a community group about inherited disorders. What pattern of inheritance does the professional describe for sickle cell disease?
Question 50
A person has been diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea and wants to know why ibuprofen is a good choice for pain control. What response by the health care professional is best?
Question 51
Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinal cord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain?
Question 52
What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA 2) in the secretion stage of hemostasis?
Question 53
An infant has been diagnosed with intussusception and the student asks the healthcare professional to explain the condition. What explanation by the professional is most accurate?
Question 54
Which cells function to maintain bone matrix?
Question 55
A person comes to the healthcare clinic and reports night sweats and fever. The healthcare professional obtains a chest x-ray which shows a mediastinal mass. What other assessment or diagnostic test does the professional provide as a priority?
Question 56
Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer?
Question 57
What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Question 58
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with what?
Question 59
A healthcare professional works with recent refugees. A mother brings in her children who have been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. What action by the professional is most appropriate?
Question 60
To quickly assess a patient's nervous system for dysfunction, what assessment should the healthcare professional perform as the priority?
Question 61
A hospitalized patient's lab work is as follows: WBC 2000, bands 14.8%, and segmented neutrophils 5. The healthcare professional calculates the patient's absolute neutrophil count (ANC). What action does the professional take next?
Question 62
What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children?
Question 63
A patient has polycythemia vera and presents to the Emergency Department with plethora and neurological changes. The student asks the healthcare professional to explain the primary cause of these symptoms. What response by the professional is best?
Question 64
A patient in the clinic had a femur x-ray that was read as having a moth-eaten appearance. What treatment option does the health care professional discuss with the patient?
Question 65
What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion?
Question 66
What is the effect of low plasma albumin?
Question 67
What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant's hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint?
Question 68
A healthcare professional had taught a pregnant woman about the risk of transmitting herpes simplex virus (HSV) from her to her fetus. What statement by the woman indicates the professional needs to provide more information?
Question 69
A student asks the health care professional why obese people are at higher risk for hypertension than non-obese individuals. What response by the professional is best?
Question 70
In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?
Question 71
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
Question 72
A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which statement by the professional is most accurate?
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Question 73
A healthcare professional is discussing breast feeding with a pregnant woman. Which beneficial substance does the professional tell the mother is found in breast milk?
Question 74
A healthcare professional advises a pregnant woman to add supplements of which nutrient to her diet to prevent birth defects?
Question 75
A child has osteosarcoma and the healthcare team is assessing for metastases. What diagnostic study would be the priority?
Question 76
When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed?
Question 77
A patient reports joint stiffness with movement and joint pain in weightbearing joints that is usually relieved by rest. What treatment option does the health care professional discuss with the patient?
Question 78
A healthcare professional wants to volunteer for a community education project to help prevent spinal cord injury. What activity would the professional most likely volunteer for?
Question 79
A person has a vascular anomaly associated with a congenital malformation of dermal capillaries and has been told this lesion does not fade with age. What treatment options can the healthcare professional discuss with this person?
Question 80
A mother reports that her young teens have voracious appetites. The healthcare professional would explain that which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?
Question 81
Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection?
Question 82
A student asks the healthcare professional why researchers are trying to link specific genes to specific asthma phenotypes. What response by the professional is best?
Question 83
A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the parents want to know how this occurred. Which statement by the healthcare professional is most accurate?
Question 84
A child has a disorder that resulted in the failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity. What treatment plan does the healthcare professional discuss with the parents?
Question 85
A student asks the professor to explain the jaundice that accompanies hemolytic anemia. Which statement is by the professor is most accurate?
Question 86
A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health care professional prepare the patient for?
Question 87
Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea?
Question 88
A student studying osteomyelitis and asks for an explanation of the term sequestrum. What response by the professor is best?
Question 89
Parents report their 3-week-old infant who eats well and has gained weight began to have projectile vomiting for no apparent reason. What treatment option does the healthcare professional prepare to educate the parents on?
Question 90
A student asks the professor what the most common pathophysiologic process is that triggers aplastic anemia (AA). What response by the professor is most accurate?
Question 91
A patient has a spinal cord injury at C4. What should the healthcare professional assess as the priority in this patient?
Question 92
A 9-year-old child has a blood pressure of 112/72 mmHg in the school nurse's office. What action by the school nurse is most appropriate?
Question 93
Which patient finding would lead the health care professional to assess the patient for inflammatory joint disease?
Question 94
A pregnant woman is seen for the first time at 6 months' gestation and has not taken prenatal vitamins. The healthcare professional educates the woman on the need for a blood test specifically to assess what substance?
Question 95
A healthcare professional in an urban clinic is seeing a patient who has iron deficiency anemia (IDA). What question by the professional is most appropriate to assess for the cause of IDA?
Question 96
The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best?
Question 97
A newborn has meconium ileus. What diagnostic test does the healthcare professional advise the parents about?
Question 98
A child has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which medication does the healthcare professional teach the parents about?
Question 99
Parents bring their 1-year-old child to the emergency department, reporting that the child has been irritable and pounding on her head, has projectile vomiting, and seems very sleepy for most of the last 3 days. What diagnostic testing does the healthcare professional prepare the child and parents for as the priority?
Question 100
Which bones are affected in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?
Question 101
When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University's Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?
