NURS6501 Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 6 Midterm Exam
• Question 1 When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University's Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?
• Question 2 A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition?
• Question 3 The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?
• Question 4 Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what?
• Question 5 Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
• Question 6 A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation?
• Question 7 The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor?
Question 8 A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder?
• Question 9 A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get?
• Question 10 A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health condition should the professional facilitate testing?
Question 11 What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?
• Question 12 A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on?
Question 13 A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best?
• Question 14 Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant?
• Question 15 A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what?
• Question 16 A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action?
Question 17 A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information?
• Question 18 Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?
• Question 19 A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see?
• Question 20 During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?
• Question 21 After a partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass, or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?
• Question 22 A Rh-negative woman gave birth to a Rh-positive baby. When discussing Rho[D] immunoglobulin with her, what information should the healthcare professional provide?
• Question 23 A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior?
• Question 24 Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?
• Question 25 How do free radicals cause cell damage?
• Question 26 During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why does an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell occur?
• Question 27 A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider?
Question 28 Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?
• Question 29 A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is best?
• Question 30 Where is two thirds of the body's water found?
Question 31 A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best?
• Question 32 A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best?
• Question 33 What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension?
• Question 34 What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?
• Question 35 What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?
• Question 36 Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in?
• Question 37 A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate?
• Question 38 A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional?
• Question 39 Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion?
• Question 40 A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best?
• Question 41 A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. What self-care measure does the healthcare provider teach the patient that is specific to this type of infection?
• Question 42 A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare professional associate with this condition?
• Question 43 The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location?
• Question 44 A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat?
• Question 45 Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?
• Question 46 A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best?
• Question 47 A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient?
Question 48 A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?
• Question 49 What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?
• Question 50 The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection-prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function?
• Question 51 A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding?
• Question 52 A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the professor is best?
Question 53 A patient's chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate?
Question 54 Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why?
Question 55 Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism?
Question 56 When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
• Question 57 Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what?
• Question 58 The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate?
• Question 59 Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?
• Question 60 A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best?
• Question 61 A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material?
• Question 62 Which renal change is found in older adults?
• Question 63 What is the cause of functional dysphagia?
• Question 64 A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best?
• Question 65 What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
• Question 66 A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis?
Question 67 The student asks the healthcare professional to explain how pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis cause hypoxemia. What description by the professional is best?
• Question 68 A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the pathophysiologic process of alcoholic cirrhosis. What statement by the professional would not be consistent with complete knowledge about this process?
• Question 69 A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
• Question 70 A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority?
• Question 71 What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine?
Question 72 A patient has been diagnosed with primary emphysema but claims there is no history of smoking. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?
Question 73 Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for other signs of thyrotoxic crisis?
• Question 74 A patient has been diagnosed with an empyema. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition?
• Question 75 Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
• Question 76 What are blood pressure variations associated with?
• Question 77 A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet?
• Question 78 Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen?
• Question 79 A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning?
• Question 80 Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs?
Question 81 If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner?
• Question 82 What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause?
• Question 83 A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient?
• Question 84 The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance?
• Question 85 What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora?
Question 86 What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?
Question 87 What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation?
• Question 88 A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)?
• Question 89 A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best?
• Question 90 A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned?
• Question 91 An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?
• Question 92 A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material?
• Question 93 A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for?
• Question 94 A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process?
• Question 95 Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin?
Question 96 When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA?
• Question 97 A patient had a myocardial infarction that damaged the SA node, which is no longer functioning as the pacemaker of the heart. What heart rate would the healthcare provider expect the patient to have?
• Question 98 What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant?
• Question 99 Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?
• Question 100 Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to describe the pericardium again?
• Question 101 The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of what hormonal process?
