Week 3 Quiz
Question 1A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ or system, that usually occur together in response to a certain condition is referred to as a (an)
a.acute disease
b.multiorgan disorder
c.syndrome
d.manifestation
Question 2A medical history should include all
1. legally prescribed drugs.
2. vitamin or mineral supplements.
3. any medication not requiring a prescription (over-the-counter items).
4. herbal treatments.
a.1 only
b.1, 3
c.1, 2, 4
d.1, 2, 3, 4
Question 3A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to as
a.hypertrophy
b.metaplasia
c.anaplasia
d.atrophy
Question 4Alkalosis increases irritability and spontaneous stimulation of nerves by
a.blocking normal nerve conduction
b.increasing the permeability of nerve membranes
c.blocking movement of calcium ions
d.decreasing phosphate ion levels
Question 5An anxiety attack often causes hyperventilation leading to
a.increased PCO2
b.decreased PCO2
c.respiratory acidosis
d.metabolic acidosis
Question 6Cassandra is a 43 y.o. female who presents complaining of swelling in her feet and that her feet and legs hurt. Cassandra states that she has had “some” swelling for a year or so but this has really gotten worse in the past 2 weeks. Which of the following statements are most true?
a. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure occurs when a patient is hypertensive and prevents the return of fluid from the interstitial compartment to the venous end of the capillary
b. Edema can occur due to loss of plasma proteins, particularly albumin, which results in decreased osmotic pressure.
c. Obstruction of lymphatic circulation can cause edema
d. Increased capillary permeability usually results from an inflammatory or infection response and can cause localized edema
a.a, b, c
b.a, c, d
c.a, b
d.a, b, c, d
Question 7Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone
a.Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones
b.Increased activation of vitamin D
c.Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
d.Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
Question 8Chose the best definition of Proto-oncogenes (select one):
a.lead to abnormal tumor suppressor genes
b.result from several mutational events
c.are the same as oncogenes
d.are normal cellular genes that promote growth
Question 9Eleanor is a 77 y.o. female who lives alone. She was admitted to the hospital with a temperature of 102F, BP 136/80, Pulse 99, RR 20, Sat 91%. Eleanor has a hx of COPD, CAD, and IDDM. Answer the following questions:
Eleanor lives alone and is 5’3” tall and weighs 225#’s. The picture below was taken of her feet after she was admitted. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about Eleanor’s situation?
a.This picture demonstrates an example of fat necrosis that can occur in individuals who have CAD
b.This picture demonstrates the prodromal period of an individual with IDDM
c.This picture demonstrates someone who could benefit from primary prevention information relating to Diabetes Mellitus
d.This picture demonstrates an example of dry gangrene that refers to necrotic tissues and is often infected
Question 10Exposure to cocaine during pregnancy leads to increased risk of
a.premature birth
b.respiratory problems
c.sudden infant death syndrome
d.A, B, and C
Question 11Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because
a.glucocorticoids greatly potentiate the effect of chemotherapy
b.the immune system is stimulated
c.skeletal muscle atrophy will be decreased
d.inflammation around the tumor may be reduced
Question 12High risk factors for cancer include
1. human papilloma virus.
2. chronic irritation and inflammation.
3. repeated sun exposure.
4. high family incidence
a.1, 3
b.3, 4
c.1, 2, 4
d.1, 2, 3, 4
Question 13Hypocalcemia causes weak cardiac contractions because
a.permeability of nerve membranes increases
b.insufficient calcium ions are available for muscle contraction
c.low phosphate ion levels prevent muscle contraction
d.excessive amounts of calcium are stored in cardiac muscle
Question 14If the data collected from the research process confirm that the new treatment has increased effectiveness and is safe, this is called
a.the placebo effect
b.evidence-based research
c.blind research studies
d.approval for immediate distribution
Question 15In the case of an X-linked recessive disorder, a carrier mother and unaffected father could produce a/an
a.Normal female
b.Affected female
c.Male carrier
d.A child with an abnormal "Y" gene
Question 16In traditional Asian medicine, acupoints are usually located
a.over pain or other sensory receptors
b.where blood vessels branch
c.over joints
d.on designated meridians
Question 17Increased milk and/or antacid intake can contribute to development of “milk-alkali syndrome,” which can cause which of the following?
a.Hyponatremia
b.Hyperkalemia
c.Hypercalcemia
d.Hypovolemia
Question 18Kevin presents to the ED after a night on the town. He admits to drinking a 5th of Vodka and then several big gulps of antifreeze after his girlfriend broke up with him. Lucky for Kevin, Alcohol is not synergistic with Antifreeze like it is with Opioids – this is frequently why people who attempt suicide via antifreeze are not successful because they are often intoxicated prior to the attempt. Thinking about Keven, answer the following question.
Antagonistic drugs may be used to
a.increase the effectiveness of selected drugs
b.prolong the action of a drug
c.act as an antidote when necessary
d.speed up the excretion of a drug
Question 19Many patients chose palliative treatment. What are the primary benefits of this choice?
a.Assistance with the cost of her medications
b.Meals will be brought to her home
c.Reduction in pain and pressure effects when tumor size is decreased, or growth is slowed
d.She will not have to travel for any radiation or chemotherapy treatments
Question 20One of the factors involved in the increased need for water in infants is
a.proportionally smaller body surface area
b.higher metabolic rate
c.smaller respiratory capacity
d.greater surface area of exposed mucous membranes
Question 21 Place the following statements regarding Rh incompatibility in the correct sequence. Not all choices are included in each answer.
1. Hemolysis of fetal erythrocytes and anemia occur.
2. Maternal Rh-negative cells enter fetal blood.
3. Fetal Rh-positive cells enter maternal blood.
4. Elevated serum bilirubin levels develop in the fetus.
5. Antibodies to Rh-positive cells form in maternal blood.
6. Maternal Rh antibodies enter the fetal circulation.
a.1, 2, 4, 5, 6
b.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
c.1, 3, 4, 5, 6
d.1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Question 22Prolonged diarrhea results in
a.loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions, leading to metabolic acidosis
b.increased fluid and serum bicarbonate ions, leading to metabolic acidosis
c.loss of chloride ions only, leading to metabolic alkalosis
d.surplus bicarbonate ions, leading to respiratory alkalosis
Question 23Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of
a.an iatrogenic cause of cancer
b.a preventive measure
c.a precipitating factor
d.a predisposing condition
Question 24Serum potassium levels are affected by
1. ADH
2. aldosterone
3. serum H+ levels
4. insulin levels
a.2 only
b.1, 2
c.1, 3
d.2, 3, 4
e.1, 2, 3
Question 25The common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include
1. obstruction of a tube or duct.
2. anemia and weight loss.
3. cell necrosis and ulceration.
4. tumor markers in the circulation
a.1, 2,
b.1, 3
c.2, 4
d.3, 4
Question 26The most common tumor suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is (select one):
a.p53
b.Rb
c.DCC
d.AP
Question 27The slide below depicts a young boy with genetic disorders. Answer the following question
a.Klinefleter syndrome is a polysomy X disorder resulting in a XXY chromosome
b.In a child with a XXY disorder, testes are small, but sperm is always present
c.A hearing disorder secondary to a teratogenic exposure is common
d.This specific disorder occurs invitro, but oddly enough, not until the 2nd trimester
Question 28The term cancer refers to
a.dysplasia
b.hyperplasia
c.metaplasia
d.malignant neoplasm
Question 29The term pathogenesis refers to
a.the development of a disease or sequence of events related to tissue changes involved in the disease process
b.the determination of the cause(s) involved in the development of a malignant neoplasm
c.the specific signs and symptoms involved in the change from an acute disease to a chronic disease
d.the changes in cells of affected tissue that result in necrosis
Question 30The warning signs for cancer include
a.unusual bleeding
b.change in a wart or mole (e.g., color)
c.a new solid lump, often painless
d.all the above
Question 31TORCH is an acronym for routine prenatal screening tests for high-risk maternal infections; TORCH stands for
a.toxoplasmosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes
b.tuberculosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rabies, cytomegalovirus, and HIV
c.toxoplasmosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rabies, cytomegalovirus, and HIV
d.tuberculosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rabies, cytomegalovirus, and herpes
Question 32Ultrasonography during pregnancy would be helpful in detecting fetal
a.enzyme deficits
b.structural anomalies
c.chromosomal defects
d.hormonal abnormalities
Question 33What is a benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue called?
a.Adenoma
b.Lipoma
c.Fibrosarcoma
d.Adenocarcinoma
Question 34What is the probability of two parents, both carriers of a defective recessive gene, producing a homozygous child (with each pregnancy)?
a.0%
b.25%
c.50%
d.75%
Question 35What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?
a.Respiratory system
b.Buffer systems in the blood
c.Kidneys
d.Brain
Question 36What type of necrosis is usually produced by necrotic death of brain tissue?
a.caseous
b.liquefactive
c.fat
d.coagulative
Question 37Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?
a.Slow, shallow respirations
b.Prolonged diarrhea
c.Mild vomiting
d.Excessive fluid in the body
Question 38Which of the following are considered to be the toxic effects of a drug?
a.Additional, mild, unwanted effects
b.Unusual, unexpected mild effects
c.Serious, possibly life-threatening effects
d.Reduction of the allergic response
Question 39Which of the following causes tetany?
a.Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium
b.Excess calcium ions in skeletal muscle due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH)
c.Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves as a result of neoplasms
d.Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex
Question 40Which of the following indicates development of pregnancy-induced hypertension?
a.Proteinuria, edema, and weight gain
b.Persistent blood pressure measuring above 140/90
c.Vaginal bleeding
d.Blood clots forming in the legs
Question 41Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?
a.Loss of the thirst mechanism
b.Excessive sweating
c.Excessive aldosterone secretion
d.Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations
Question 42Which of the following is a serious potential complication of abruptio placentae indicated by low serum levels of clotting factors?
a.Severe hypertension
b.Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
c.Jaundice
d.Thromboembolism
Question 43Which of the following is usually included in a medical history?
1. Past illnesses or surgeries
2. Current illnesses, acute and chronic
3. Prescribed medication or other treatments
4. Nonprescription drugs and herbal remedies
5. Current allergies
a.1, 3
b.2, 4, 5
c.1, 3, 4
d.1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Question 44Which of the following statements applies to eclampsia?
a.Elevated blood pressure returns to normal after delivery
b.Kidney and liver function remain normal
c.It commonly develops with ectopic pregnancies
d.Blood pressure is very high and seizures may occur
Question 45Which of the following statements applies to the sex chromosomes?
a.They are identified as XY in the female
b.They are numbered pair 23 in the karyotype
c.They contain the same genes as in the other pairs of chromosomes
d.They are found only in the cells in the gonads (the ovaries and the testes)
Question 46Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is true?
a.The typical physical characteristics are present at birth
b.All children with Down syndrome have the same organ defects and medical problems
c.The extent of cognitive impairment can be assessed at birth
d.The birth of a child with Down syndrome is only a risk to mothers over age 35
Question 47Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease?
a.An inherited disorder
b.A combination of specific etiological factors
c.An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
d.Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment
Question 48Which term is used to describe a new and secondary or additional problem that arises after the original disease has been established?
a.Symptoms
b.Occurrence
c.Manifestations
d.Complication
Question 49Which two ions are most important for acid-base balance in the body?
a.K+, Na+
b.Cl− and HCO3−
c.Ca++, Na+
d.Na+, Cl−
Question 50Pectus excavatum is obvious in the following image
True
False
Question 51The slide below depicts a young boy with a genetic disorder. View the slide and answer the following true / false questions.
The child in the slide depicts a single gene disorder.
True
False
