socs325 final exam october 2018

Quest

ion 1

(TCO 8) What term is not associated with Amartya Sen's theory of justice?

Functionings

Capabilities

Pluralism

Utilitarianism

Question 2

(TCO 8) Which of the following is not part of the UN Development Programme's Human Development Index?

GNP per capita

Life expectancy

Knowledge access

Level of inequality

Question 3

(TCO 8) The quality of life indicators such as literacy, life expectancy, standard of living and purchasing power is measured by the:

NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard).

HDI (Human Development Index).

GNP (Gross National Product).

LEI (Life Expectancy Index).

Question 4

(TCO 8) Which system is tightly coupled?

Nuclear power plant

University

Mining operation

Road transport

Question 5

(TCO 8) The chapter concludes by saying that in order to construct a dialogic rationality of risk, we need to cultivate:

trust.

truth.

theory.

trees.

Question 6

(TCO 8) What do we need more of in order to renew faith in science?

Dialogue

Universal and permanent truths

Trust in experts

Certainty

Question 7

In the Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis, historian Lynn White focuses on the influence of technology on our attitudes about nature. Which of the following technologies had the most significance in shaping these attitudes according to White?

Windmills

The weight-driven clock

The mold board plow

The blast furnace

Question 8

Which of the following is a key characteristic of patriarchal dualisms?

They are never gendered.

They reflect gradients on a continuum.

They always imply a hierarchy or moral judgment.

They reflect the interdependence between categories.

Question 9

The argument that Christian ideology alone has led to environmental degradation is faulty because:

the Old Testament, upon which Christian domination of nature is based, is revered by Jews and Muslims as well as Christians.

Christianity has often been at odds with science and technology.

the Bible includes passages revering an ecological sense of stewardship.

All of the above

Question 10

The poetry of the Roman Horace is used by the author to illustrate what point?

The moral superiority of environmental attitudes of the early Romans

The debate that raged as early as 20 BCE regarding the ethics of human transformation of the environment

The environmental destruction of lands conquered during Roman expansion

The power of poetry to express appreciation for the environment

Question 11

According to Ronald Inglehart, the generations raised since the 1970s have experienced a "postmaterialist socialization." Those respondents with a "postmaterialist socialization" who responded to a survey were most likely to say the country's top goals should be:

maintaining order.

reducing democratic participation.

fighting rising prices.

protecting freedom of speech.

Question 12

"Human are part of nature and need to maintain a sense of balance and limits in an interconnected world." This statement best describes which paradigm?

The dominant paradigm

The old paradigm

The human-exceptionalism paradigm

The ecological-social paradigm

Question 13

What percent of Americans in a 2007 poll agreed that "there need to be stricter laws and regulations to protect the environment"?

27%

45%

83%

97%

Question 14

Which of the following is not "nature" or "natural" according to Aristotle?

A wooden bed

Molten lava

A breath of fresh air

A violently destructive tornado

Question 15

Stephen Jay Gould replicated the craniometry research of Samuel G. Morton and concluded:

the smaller stature of females explained the difference in cranial size.

cranial size does not indicate intelligence.

feet size is a better predictor of intelligence.

there is no significant difference between races in cranial size.

Question 16

About how many hours do Americans waste sitting in traffic each year?

1 billion hours

4 billion hours

7 billion hours

10 billion hours

Question 17

Which of the following is meant by double politics?

Grassroots organizing and top-down authority

Collective and individual action

Conflict and consensus

Conceptions and connections

Question 18

The "bottom-up" approach alone to creating an ecological society is flawed because:

it is difficult to draw boundaries to define a grassroots community.

a grassroots effort may not be all inclusive.

a grassroots community may lack resources and/or expertise needed to tackle an issue effectively.

All of the above.

Question 19

Anthony Giddens has used the term dialogic democracy to indicate:

the top down way of saving the environment.

the bottom-up way of saving the environment.

a democracy in which all, including the environment, are taken into account.

None of the above

Question 20

The basic idea to model new developments on the kind of traditional neighborhoods that cities routinely turn into historic districts is called:

new ruralism.

old rualism.

old urbanism.

new urbanism.

(TCO 1) Now that you have almost completed this course in environmental sociology, please describe what you think an environmental sociologist does. What have you learned about what an Environmental Sociologist does since you started this course?

(TCO 2) Give a few examples of how materialism creates inequality in minority populations.

(TCO 3) A number of social phenomenon discussed in this course vie as the leading cause of environmental problems: overconsumption of products, the problem of collective action, the Western ethos, population growth, social inequality, and uneven development, to name a few. Which do you feel is the most important, and why? Justify your answer sociologically, using detailed facts and figures from the course readings and any outside sources. Compare and contrast how these environmental problems impacts socioeconomic status and influences goods and bads.

(TCO 4) Discuss the pros and cons of using the term invironment instead of environment. What is the difference between environment and invironment? Be sure to provide an example of each and an example of how they connect. Compare and contrast how this relates to consumer products and services derived from the environment. You should focus on both human and environmental health.

(TCO 5) The development of a natural conscience depends upon the sense of a realm free from the pollution of social interests-a natural other, from which we may gain a sense of a natural me. But is such a realm possible? Can there be a moral realm that is truly free of social interests? Explain. Compare and contrast how we can still keep a free market, Capitalistic system without destroying our environment. How can we still have a free market and Capitalism and still maintain a sustainable society?.

(TCO 6) Why is organic food a positional good? What other ways do wealthy people have an advantage in avoiding pesticides? How does this relate to global inequality? How are organic foods produced, marketed, and sold in a capitalist society? Compare and contrast the future of green businesses, green energy, organic foods, and ecotourism.

(TCO 7) The author of your textbook states that, "the principle scholarly contribution of the book is the concept of ecological dialogue." Briefly explain what is meant by ecological dialogue and give an example or illustration. How can ecological dialogue be used to solve such complex issues in Environmental Sociology such as exploding population growth, degradation of our natural resources, poverty, debt, and hunger? Compare and contrast these various ways to solve these issues and future issues in Environmental Sociology.