UTA NURS4325 RAC 1 Leetal. 2016

1. Which choice below best reflects the problem statement for the instructor-assigned article?

Illness representation is described as the internal processes by which individuals create the definitions or the representations of a health threat.

Illness representations have been found to influence health-related outcomes in injured patients.

 Exploring the discrepancies between the illness perceptions of injured patients and their caregivers may provide a way of resolving the impacts caused by an injury.

Previous studies have indicated that injured patients do hold illness representations related to their injury.

2. Which of the choices below best reflects the purpose statement for the instructor assigned article?

Illness representations have been found to influence health-related outcomes in injured patients.

This comparative descriptive survey compared illness perceptions between injured patients and caregivers at 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge.

Researchers have shown interest in discrepancies in illness representations between patients and their caregivers.

Research has demonstrated that caregivers’ illness representations of negative consequences, emotional reactions, and controllability of an illness are correlated with their perceived care burden.

3. According to Lee, Fan, Hung, Pai, and Chou (2016), which of the following statements are important when considering the significance and relevance of a study’s problem and purpose? (Select all that apply.) 

Does it build on previous research?

Does it predict the non-significant findings anticipated in the study?

Does it specifically influence nursing education in university settings?

Does it identify the future research to be generated by the study?

Does it promote theory testing or development?

Does it identify extraneous variables?

4. When considering the feasibility of a study’s problem and purpose,Lee, Fan, Hung, Pai, and  Chou (2016) suggest that several areas should be evaluated, including: researcher expertise, money commitment, ethical considerations, and availability of subjects, facilities, and equipment. Which of the following statements accurately assesses the feasibility of this article? (Select all that apply.)

Funding sources for the study were clearly identified.

The author’s credentials to design and conduct research are described.

100% of the eligible subjects contacted participated in the study.

Evidence of protection of the subjects’ rights was mentioned in this article.

5. According to Lee, Fan, Hung, Pai, and  Chou (2016) which one of the following is NOT a major purpose of the review of literature (ROL):

Describing the current knowledge of the practice problem.

Explaining the reasons behind the selection of the statistics used in the study.

Identifying gaps in the knowledge base of the practice problem.

Explaining how the current study contributes to the knowledge being built.

6. Select two MAJOR topics covered in the review of literature (ROL) from the list below:

The researchers administered the Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (CSMIR) to the participants.

Clinicians have become increasingly aware that injury has a long-term adverse impact on family members because they have a critical supporting role in the recovery process.

Previous studies have indicated that injured patients do hold illness representations related to their injury.

The medical costs for people with injuries are increasing; these costs may not include the substantial costs associated with family or community care.

This comparative descriptive survey compared illness perceptions between injured patients and caregivers at 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge.

 7. Current knowledge in the review of literature (ROL) (all information included before the “Methods”) is considered to be articles that are within 5 years of the publication date of the article. This is often assessed by reviewing the citations that are used in the ROL and counting the number that meet this criterion. Which number below most closely reflects the number of current citations in the ROL? (HINT-look for references in the ROL that are between 2011-2016.)

8

5

24

6

8. Which of these statements best describes this study’s research framework?

This study has an implicit framework, which is not fully developed.

The Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (CSMIR) provides a structure for understanding how an individual perceives the threats of illness and how those perceptions influence the individual’s health behaviors.

The Chinese Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised-Trauma (the Chinese IPQ-R-Trauma), which is based on the CSMIR, was used to assess the illness perceptions of injured patients and their caregivers.

This comparative descriptive survey compared illness perceptions between injured patients and caregivers at 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge.

 Illness representation is described as the internal processes by which individuals create the definitions or the representations of a health threat.

9. What are some of the key concepts in this study’s theoretical framework? (Select all that apply.)

This study does not have any clearly defined concepts within a framework because it has an implicit framework.

Causal beliefs, the last component, relates to the perceived causes of the illness.

Illness representation is the central stage of the CSMIR.

Positive illness representations have been found to be associated with better self-regulation in patients with injury.

Five organized components of cognitive beliefs are included in illness representations.

10. Which one of the statements below is an example of a relational statement from the theoretical framework?

Patients and caregivers held similar illness perceptions toward the injury in this study.

 Causal beliefs, the last component, relates to the perceived causes of the illness.

This study does not have any clearly defined relational statements because it has an implicit framework.

No answer text provided.

11. The author states that the research objective, question, or hypothesis was “This study tested the following hypotheses: (a) Injured patients and their caregivers would have different illness representations related to an injury; (b) injured patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics would be related to caregivers’ illness representations; and (c) caregivers’ own demographic characteristics would be related to their own illness representations.” on page 256. This is best described as a

Research objective

Research question

Research hypothesis

None of the above

12. Which of these is considered to be a MAJOR studyvariable in this study.

End-of-life care

Adult informal caregivers

Illness representation

Individuals with any health condition

Caregiver stress

Depression

13. What is the conceptual definition (as defined in the review of the literature) of the following study variable: illness representation

The Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (CSMIR) provides a structure for understanding how an individual perceives the threats of illness and how those perceptions influence the individual’s health behaviors.

Illness representation is described as the internal processes by which individuals create the definitions or the representations of a health threat.

Five organized components of cognitive beliefs are included in illness representations.

The conceptual definition of illness representation is not clearly provided in the review of the literature.

14. What is the operational definition (as defined in the methods section) of the following study variable: illness representation

Illness representation is described as the internal processes by which individuals create the definitions or the representations of a health threat.

The operational definition of illness representation is not clearly provided.

The Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (CSMIR)

The Chinese Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised-Trauma (the Chinese IPQ-R-Trauma)

15. Which demographic variables were assessed by the author for this study? (Select all that apply.)

Age

Education level

Emotional representation

Marital status

Gender

Ethnic group

Illness coherence

16. Which phrases best describe the research design of this study?

Descriptive

Quasi-experimental 

Experimental

Ethnographic

17. Which phrase best describes the time element of the research design of this study?

Cross-sectional design

Longitudinal design

None of the above

No answer text provided.

 18. Does the study include a treatment or intervention described in the methods section?

The Chinese Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised-Trauma (the Chinese IPQ-R-Trauma) used in the study may be considered a treatment or intervention.

As patients appear to have more psychological or cognitive problems at 3 months after an injury, it was determined that this time point was appropriate to capture illness representations for patients and their caregivers in order to obtain more evidence for application in trauma care.

This study examined the differences between illness representations of injured patients and those of their caregivers.

This study was not designed with a treatment or intervention.

 19. Does the author specifically mention that a pilot study was done prior to conducting this study? (Hint: look at the words “prior to this study”.)

Yes

No

No answer text provided.

No answer text provided.

20. The authors indicate on page 257 of the article that institutional review board (IRB) authorization was acquired. This indicates than an IRB gave approval to conduct the research. In addition, the authors state that informed consent was provided to each participant. Lee, Fan, Hung, Pai, and Chou (2016), which of the following would NOT be considered essential information for informed consent? (Select all that apply.)

a statement of the research purpose and any benefits or risks due to participation in the study

 a copy of the abstract of the article that will be used in the publishing journal.

an explanation of the procedures to be followed in the study

a complete list of references to be used in the study.