PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 1 Discussion
Using the video from Episode 1 on Toni, break down the following parts of the framework of Pathophysiology:
Etiology
Risk factors
Pathogenesis
Clinical manifestations (Signs/Symptoms)
Treatment/Management
Please correlate your responses to Mr. Jones’ case. Also, note that content in this case scenario incorporates topics from Chapters 1,2,4, and 7.
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 2 Discussion
Using the video from Episode 2 on Samantha, answer the following prompts:
Prompt 1: Explain in detail the pathogenesis of a DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) and how it can lead to a PE (Pulmonary Embolism)
Prompt 2: Research and list all the possible treatment options for a DVT
Please correlate your responses to Samantha’s case. Also, note that content in this case scenario incorporates topics from Chapters 14 and 15.
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 3 Discussion
Using the video from Episode 3 on Henry, compare and contrast the difference between, right, left, and biventricular heart failure. Explain why Henry had right-sided heart failure.
Also, note that content in this case scenario incorporates topics from Chapters 16, 18, and 19.
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 4 Discussion
Using the video from Episode 4 on Mr. Jones, answer two of the following prompts:
Prompt 1: How many patients are suffering from COPD in the United States? Do COPD sufferers die of respiratory causes or other causes? (Be sure to cite the data.)
Prompt 2: What two separate diseases are the main COPD diseases? Give background on each disease.
Prompt 3: How does COPD correlate with left ventricular pressure and primary heart failure?
Prompt 4: What are the three types of bronchodilators, and how do they function to alleviate the symptoms of COPD? What are other possible treatments for COPD?
Prompt 5: Through which mechanism does bronchiolitis cause destruction of alveoli? Is emphysema genetic? Can environmental factors increase the risk of emphysema? Why or why not?
Prompt 6: Is lung transplantation a solution for emphysema? Can new technology be useful in the treatment of emphysema? Why or why not?
Also, note that content in this case scenario incorporates topics from Chapter 22.
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 6 Discussion
Using the video from Episode 6 on Mr. Fallbrook, answer two of the following prompts:
Prompt 1: Explain in detail the pathogenesis on how Mr. Fallbrook’s gastroenteritis leads to sepsis and then ARF.
Prompt 2: Research the medication Enalapril. Explain its uses, dosage, and side effects.
Prompt 3:Explain the different types of Acute Renal Failure and which type Mr. Fallbrook falls under.
Prompt 4: Explain the different types of dialysis and how they are used.
Also, note that content in this case scenario incorporates topics from Chapter 16, 20, 28, and 36..
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 7 Discussion
Using the video from Episode 7 on Ms. Fernandez, answer two of the following prompts:
Prompt 1: Explain in detail the pathogenesis of DM Type 1 & 2 and DKA.
Prompt 2: Explain how Ms. Fernandez’s past medical history correlates to her current condition.
Prompt 3:Describe treatments that would be used for DM and DKA.
Also, note that content in this case scenario incorporates topics from Chapter 36 and 41.
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 8 Discussion
Using the video from Episode 8 on Rowena, answer two of the following prompts:
Prompt 1: Explain in detail the different types of dementia.
Prompt 2: Explain in detail the difference between ischemic vs. hemorrhagic stroke.
Prompt 3:Explain the use of tPAs (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)
Prompt 4: Describe additional treatments and management that could be used in Rowena’s case.
Also, note that content in this case scenario incorporates topics from Chapter 44 and 45.
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 9 Discussion
This week, post your video presentation from your Week 8 assignment here to share with peers.
Title your video post with your name and a brief topic description (e.g., Jenny Smith: Sepsis Training). Along with your video, provide the following information:
Briefly explain your case or situation.
No later than Sunday, 11:59 p.m. (Pacific time), watch the presentation of at least 2 peers and comment on the content of the presentation. Discuss your thoughts on the clinical assessment, recommendations, and application to future practice.
Videos can be recorded using any software or tool, but all videos are required to be uploaded to My Panopto Videos for assignment submission.
You can also use the Panopto Desktop Recording tool to create your video.
Click here for detailed Panopto instructions.
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 10 Discussion
For Week 10, reply to the questions below in a one paragraph (four to five sentences) response. You are not required to respond to your peers, but you may do so if you like.
Briefly reflect on your pathophysiology experience and address the following questions:
How will the knowledge of pathophysiology play into your career role?
What aspect of pathophysiology do you feel will be the most important moving forward?
Your response is due no later than Monday, 11:59 p.m. (Pacific time).
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 6 Assignment
In order to write a case study paper, you must carefully address a number of sections in a specific order with specific information contained in each. The guideline below outlines each of those sections.
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Section
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Information to Include
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Introduction (patient and problem)
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- Explain who the patient is (Age, gender, etc.)
- Explain what the problem is (What were they diagnosed with, or what happened?)
- Introduce your main argument (What should you as a nurse focus on or do?)
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Pathophysiology
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- Explain the disease (What are the symptoms? What causes it?)
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History
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- Explain what health problems the patient has (Have they been diagnosed with other diseases?)
- Detail any and all previous treatments (Have they had any prior surgeries or are they on medication?)
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Nursing Physical Assessment
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- List all the patient’s health stats in sentences with specific numbers/levels (Blood pressure, bowel sounds, ambulation, etc.)
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Related Treatments
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- Explain what treatments the patient is receiving because of their disease
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Nursing Diagnosis & Patient Goal
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- Explain what your nursing diagnosis is (What is the main problem for this patient? What need to be addressed?)
- Explain what your goal is for helping the patient recover (What do you want to change for the patient?)
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Nursing Interventions
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- Explain how you will accomplish your nursing goals, and support this with citations (Reference the literature)
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Evaluation
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- Explain how effective the nursing intervention was (What happened after your nursing intervention? Did the patient get better?)
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Recommendations
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- Explain what the patient or nurse should do in the future to continue recovery/improvement
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Your paper should be 3-4 pages in length and will be graded on how well you complete each of the above sections. You will also be graded on your use of APA Style and on your application of nursing journals into the treatments and interventions. For integrating nursing journals, remember the following:
Make sure to integrate citations into all of your paper
Support all claims of what the disease is, why it occurs and how to treat it with references to the literature on this disease
Always use citations for information that you learned from a book or article; if you do not cite it, you are telling your reader that YOU discovered that information (how to treat the disease, etc.)
Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 8 Assignment
Evidence-Based Medicine Research Presentation
For this project, you will complete a clinical case study analysis, research review, and PowerPoint video presentation about the pathophysiology of a topic of your choice.
Your presentation should follow a case study SBAR format (situation, background, assessment, and recommendations).
You must include three (3) different medical-based evidence and/or research recommendations.
You must include at least three (3) scholarly sources in your overall presentation.
Your PowerPoint presentation should include the following slides:
Introduction to the case or situation
Background detail
Clinical assessment
Recommendations
Application to future practice
Reference slide: At least three (3) scholarly references supporting your ideas.
Your presentation should be 3-5 minutes in length. Upload your completed video presentation here for grading.
You will also post it to the Discussion Board for your Week 9 Discussion. Look ahead to the Week 9 Discussion Board for details.
Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 1 Quiz
Question 1 Signs and symptoms of a disease first occur during the
Acute phase
Latent period
Subclinical stage
Prodromal period
Question 2Which term is used to describe the deficiency in circulating platelets?
Anemia
Leukopenia
Leukocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Question 3Cellular hypoxia results in
Increased pH
Enhanced ATP activity
Loss of intracellular calcium
Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
Question 4Restoration of effective function is the goal of which level of prevention?
Primary
Tertiary
Clinical
Secondary
Question 5 Abnormal new cellular growth is referred to as
Apoptosis
Neoplasia
Proto-oncogene
Suppressor genes
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 2 Quiz
Question 1The movement of nutrients and O 2 as well as the removal of metabolic wastes occurs in
Veins
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Question 2Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Enlarged, painless lymph nodes
Elevated granulocyte count
Abdominal discomfort
Weight loss
Bone pain
Response Feedback: Classic signs of CML include elevated granulocyte count, abdominal discomfort, and weight loss. Enlarged painless lymph nodes are seen with chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL). Symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) are similar and cause bone pain.
Question 3A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that the patient
Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic
Is experiencing a reaction to something other than the antibiotic
Has received the wrong medication
Has developed autoimmunity
Question 4Which disease has the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells on histologic examination?
B-cell lymphoma
T-cell lymphoma
NK-cell lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Question 5When a patient receives bone marrow from a closely matched relative, it is referred to as what type of transplant?
Allogenic
Autologous
Graft-versus-host
Peripheral stem cell
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 3 Quiz
Question 1In a patient with mitral stenosis, cardiac catheterization findings would indicate increased pressure in the
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Right atria
Left atria
Question 2A common cause of heart failure is which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Coronary artery disease
Valvular heart disease
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Anemia
Question 3
Which describes a pathologic manifestation of neurogenic shock?
Release of vasodilatory mediators such as histamine into the circulation
Loss of sympathetic activation of arteriolar smooth muscle
Increased sympathetic nervous stimulation
Massive immune system activation
Question 4InThe nurse includes what information when educating a client concerning a first-degree heart block? (Select all that apply.)
An electrocardiogram is used to identify this conduction disorder.
Congenital heart defects are often the cause of the disorder.
The condition is monitored, but not actively managed.
Bradycardia is a common characteristic.
First-degree blocks are rare.
Question 5The shift to anaerobic metabolism in shock results in
Metabolic alkalosis
Decreased oxygen utilization
Increased lactate production
Decreased hydrogen ion production
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 4 Quiz
Question 1Which statement is true regarding cystic fibrosis?
It is autosomal-dominant.
It affects endocrine glands.
It is common in African Americans.
It is the most common genetic disease in the United States.
Question 2Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Positive Trousseau sign
Positive Chvostek sign
Hyperactive reflexes.
Muscle twitching
Constipation
Paresthesias
Question 3Which is a classification of emphysema? (Select all that apply.)
Centriacinar
Parenchyma
Panacinar
Paraseptal
Bullae
Question 4Which statement regarding serum magnesium (Mg ++) is true? (Select all that apply.)
Alcohol-related diseases frequently cause low Mg+ levels.
Vomiting is not generally seen as a major cause of Mg+ loss.
Mg++ levels present similarly to calcium (Ca++) levels in the blood.
Mg+ deficiencies often result in low serum potassium (K+) levels.
Mg+ deficiencies must be treated before potassium (K+) deficiencies.
Question 5Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume excess include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Edema
Crackles
Weight gain
Bounding pulse
Distended neck veins
Decreased urinary output
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 6 Quiz
Question 1 A characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Urgency
Hesitancy
Low back pain
Weak urine flow
Incomplete bladder emptying
Question 2 An infection of the renal pelvis and interstitium is known as
Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Urethritis
Cystitis
Question 3 A classic manifestation of chronic pyelonephritis is
Bilaterally enlarged kidneys
Inflammation of the renal capsule
Multiple dilation of the collecting ducts
Atrophic kidneys with diffuse scarring
Question 4 Complete urinary obstruction causes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Increased urinary stasis
Increased urinary frequency
Decreased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased glomerular filtration
Increased predisposition to infection
Question 5 A patient reports a sensation of pressure within the vagina. On examination, an anterior bulge is noted. This finding supports a diagnosis of
Uterine retrodisplacement
Uterine prolapse
Cystocele
Rectocele
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 7 Quiz
Question 1 In adrenocortical insufficiency, such as Addison disease, the most severe manifestations are the result of
An insufficient amount of T4 and T3
Deficiencies in the renin-angiotensin system
An insufficient amount of circulating cortisol
Decreased levels of all the adrenocortical hormones
Question 2 Individuals with diabetes mellitus are particularly susceptible to infections of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Skin
Vagina
Esophagus
Urinary tract
Respiratory passages
Question 3 The strong risk factors for colon cancer include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Aging
Gender
Heredity
Crohn disease
High-fat diet
Question 4 Which characteristic is found in the condition of cholelithiasis (gallstones)?
The presence of gallstones universally creates colicky symptoms.
Gallstones are twice as frequent in women as in men.
Gallstones can be treated only through surgery.
Asians are at highest risk for gallstones.
Question 5 Children who have midline craniocerebral defects, nystagmus, retinal abnormalities, and other midline or midfacial abnormalities (e.g., cleft lip or palate) should be evaluated for deficiencies in
Growth hormone
T3 and T4 hormones
Parathyroid hormone
Corticosteroid hormones
PATH370 Pathophysiology
Week 8 Quiz
Question 1 A 6-year-old boy presents with polyarthritis. His parents report no past medical history except for a sore throat 6 weeks previously. On physical examination, a murmur is noted. The assessment data support a diagnosis of
Acute rheumatic fever
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lyme disease
Reiter syndrome
Question 2 A client is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Which assessment data support this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)
African American female
Contractures of the fingers
Facial butterfly rash noted
Swelling and pain in knees
Pain worsens in the evening
Question 3 Which is a risk factor for cerebral palsy?
High birth weight
Post-term delivery
Prenatal infection
Genetic defects
Question 4When viewed on x-ray, the bone has a linear fracture that occurs in a straight line across the bone. Which term best describes this type of fracture?
Spiral
Oblique
Transverse
Longitudinal
Question 5 Which forms of muscular dystrophy are X-linked?
Becker
Duchenne
Facioscapulohumeral
A combination of Becker and Duchenne
